1
Q
Small Group Instruction
A
a few members of the class learning together, as opposed to whole-group instruction
The students rotated through learning stations while the teacher pulled a few students to her table at a time for small group instruction.
2
Q
Thematic Unit
A
a unit that has an overarching, uniting idea or topic, and incorporates skills into that theme; it can be within one subject area or support cross-curricular instruction
3
Q
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)
A
The state foundation curriculum developed by the State Board of Education, that requires all students to demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to read, write, compute, problem solve, think critically, apply technology, and communicate across all subject areas.
4
Q
Evaluate (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 5. Justify a stance
Defend, support, critique
5
Q
Qualitative Assessments
A
assessments that describe a person, object, or activity
6
Q
Bloom’s Taxonomy
A
a hierarchy of levels of knowledge; each level has associated verbs teachers can use to start questions
“identify” is at a lower level than “argue” because it requires a lower level of thinking
7
Q
Backward Design / Planning
A
lesson planning that begins with the desired outcome in mind
8
Q
Scope and Sequence
A
a plan for the order and depth of skills to be taught throughout the year; scope refers to the topics to be covered and how deeply to cover them, while the sequence describes the order in which the topics are to be taught
9
Q
Interdisciplinary Learning
A
relating to more than one curriculum area
10
Q
Learning Objectives
A
specific, measurable goals that define what learners are expected to know, understand, or be able to do as a result of instruction, guiding both teaching and assessment
11
Q
Analyze (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 4. Connect different ideas
Differentiate, compare, contrast
12
Q
Learning Goals
A
the “big picture” focus of a class or unit within a class
Ex: The students will understand grammar.
13
Q
Quantitative Assessments
A
assessments that objectively measure a specific performance
Teacher-created tests, standardized tests, and rubrics
14
Q
Create (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 6. Produce original thoughts or work
Design, author, formulate
15
Q
Remember (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 1. Rote memorization or recall
Define, memorize, list
16
Q
Apply (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 3. Use the information acquired in a new setting/problem
Implement, solve, demonstrate
17
Q
Understand (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
A
Level 2. Explanation of an idea or concept
Describe, recognize, identify
18
Q
Closure Activity
A
a time to summarize the learning for the day
Ex: What question(s) do you still have about today’s lesson?
19
Q
Which of the following scenarios illustrates that the teacher knows how to implement scope and sequence in their planning?
a. A 4th-grade teacher decides to teach the unit on annotation and note-taking prior to the start of the research unit.
b. A kindergarten teacher creates labels for objects in the classroom to help students with literacy skills.
c. A 2nd-grade teacher puts in a behavior referral for a student who is biting fellow students when he is upset.
d. A 10th-grade literature teacher decides to teach Hamlet instead of Romeo and Juliet for the Shakespeare unit.
A
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This would be an example of thoughtful scope and sequence planning. The teacher is considering how skills build on each other and what students will need to know going into each unit.
20
Q
A history teacher is planning a unit on The Great Depression. The teacher is developing the following activities for this unit: an analysis of common illnesses and how they impacted the population in the absence of certain vaccines, a review of typical wages and a budgeting activity for a fictional family of six during this time period, and a reflection of themes exhibited in a poem written during the time period.
Which of the following strategies is the teacher using based on these activities?
a. applying knowledge to the world beyond school
b. enabling students to work cooperatively
c. considering ideas from multiple viewpoints
d. providing interdisciplinary instruction
A
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Although this unit is designed for a history class, the teacher is incorporating interdisciplinary instruction through the study of illnesses (biology), budgeting (math), and themes in poetry (English language arts).
21
Q
A new middle school science teacher is planning lessons and units for the semester. Which of the following resources would be most useful for developing these types of plans?
a. a pacing guide for the district that aligns with state standards
b. a textbook which includes comprehension questions for each topic
c. a blog for teachers which includes posts with lab activities and demonstrations
d. a set of released questions from the previous year’s state standard assessment
A
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
It would be most appropriate to use a pacing guide aligned with state standards to plan instruction for the semester. The pacing guide will help the new teacher to stay on track with topics being covered by other teachers in the district.
22
Q
A first-year ninth-grade teacher, Ms. Simpson, is planning learning goals for an upcoming instructional unit. One of the goals is that students will be able to enjoy music from various cultures. The most significant problem with this learning goal is that:
a. it is difficult to objectively assess a student’s progress or achievement.
b. ninth-grade students are not capable of appreciating music from different cultures.
c. Ms. Simpson did not consult with her principal before planning the learning goals.
d. the number of cultures is not clearly identified.
A
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Assessing a student’s enjoyment is nearly impossible and provides room for subjective interpretation; grades resulting from subjective interpretation should be avoided.
23
Q
Anecdotal notes are an example of what kind of data?
a. criterion-referenced
b. qualitative
c. diagnostic
d. quantitative
A
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Anecdotal notes are observed and considered qualitative data because they are not numerically measurable.
24
Q
A teacher has identified the state standards associated with a unit of study. Of the following, what is the most important consideration to make as she now plans activities for the unit?
a. standardized tests and district assessments over the material
b. cost of activities
c. textbook information and supplemental material
d. student needs, interests, and abilities
A
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Student needs, interests, and abilities should drive lesson plans, along with state standards. These will make the material interesting and help students retain the information.
25
After learning about the importance of providing young children with a broad understanding of a new concept, a second-grade teacher is evaluating how to incorporate interdisciplinary learning into her classroom. Which of the following will best support this teacher's instructional goal?
a. cooperative learning
b. blended learning
c. reading groups
d. thematic units
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Thematic units will allow the teacher to draw on many different subjects, allowing students to demonstrate their strengths.
26
A first-grade teacher is analyzing data from a recent math assessment. The chart below lists specific skills and the students who have not yet mastered each skill.
Skill not mastered:
compare two-digit numbers using the words greater than, less than, and equal to
Miguel
Compare two-digit numbers using >, <, and = symbols
Miguel
Put sets of two-digit numbers in order from least to greatest
Anna, Zoey, Ezra
Put sets of two-digit numbers in order from greatest to least
Anna, Zoey
Based on these results, the teacher should plan on providing:
a. one-on-one instruction for Miguel.
b. after school tutoring for Miguel, Anna, and Zoey.
c. small group instruction for Anna, Zoey, Ezra, and Miguel.
d. Tier 3 RTI support for Miguel.
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Because Miguel is the only student who needs additional instruction with comparing numbers, one-on-one instruction is appropriate in this scenario.
27
A seventh-grade math teacher is teaching a lesson that involves creating graphs to chart data from word problems in order to find sums and averages. The teacher has provided direct instruction, and now students are working independently to create graphs. While circulating in the room, the teacher notices that many students are not charting data on their graphs correctly. Which of the following is the best way for the teacher to address this?
a. Remind students to refer to the chapter in the textbook that discusses graphs and data points.
b. Encourage students to stop and check their work with a partner.
c. Allow students who do not finish all the questions to complete the assignment for homework.
d. Pause the class from independent work and demonstrate how to identify key information and chart data points on the graph.
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
If many students are struggling, the teacher should review the concept with the whole class before having students resume independent work.
28
Mr. Popov's students are building circuits. The ends of the conducting wires have alligator clips that students use when making connections. Mr. Popov notices that several students are connecting the alligator clips to the plastic that coats each of the conducting wires instead of connecting the metal clips to metal.
What did Mr. Popov specifically forget to include in his lesson plans?
a. activating students' prior knowledge about conductors and insulators
b
ability grouping
c
cautioning students about safety rules when working with electricity
d
demonstrating exactly how to set up the circuits
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Mr. Popov would have been wise to activate students' prior understanding about insulators and conductors, including that metals are conductors and insulators are not. Then, when a circuit does not work, students might recall that they must connect metal to metal when making a complete circuit.
29
A teacher is disappointed by her students' exam results and decides that it's necessary to re-teach some of the concepts, as the students need a strong grasp on these concepts before continuing on to the next unit. To effectively reteach, which of the following should the teacher do?
Select all answers that apply.
a
ensure all of the concepts covered with full detail again
b
use a different approach from the one used in the previous instruction
c
group the students who have similar needs
d
assess a different skill using the same content
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When a teacher identifies that students do not understand the concepts presented, the teacher should then select re-teaching activities that present the content in a different way.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The most efficient way to re-teach students who struggle to understand different concepts is to group students according to their weaknesses and plan targeted activities to address these areas.
30
Before introducing a new concept, a middle school teacher always uses a K-W-L activity. Which of the following is the primary reason for the teacher to use this activity at the start of each lesson?
a
This activity is familiar to the students and helps the teacher to maintain a consistent classroom routine.
b
This activity reduces the amount of planning time for the teacher when beginning a new unit of study.
c
This activity can easily be differentiated for higher and lower-achieving students.
d
This activity provides a baseline for students' current knowledge so that instruction can be planned accordingly.
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
K-W-L charts require students to share what they know, what they want to know, and what they have learned. By asking the students to begin this activity before introducing a new unit, the teacher will be able to easily identify background knowledge as well as gaps in knowledge so that instruction can be provided accordingly.
31
When planning instruction, which of the following should not be a priority in the pacing and planning of daily lessons?
a
provide multiple opportunities to work with material
b
include various ways to work with new information
c
equally distribute time across all objectives
d
include time for reflection
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Some objectives will require more instruction and practice than others. If students grasp a concept quickly, it should not be given the same amount of class time as a concept that they are struggling with.
32
Anecdotal notes are an example of what kind of data?
a
criterion-referenced
b
qualitative
c
diagnostic
d
quantitative
correct
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Anecdotal notes are observed and considered qualitative data because they are not numerically measurable.
33
Weather maps can be quite complex, often showing wind speed, isobars, fronts, and precipitation. Which technique is most likely to enable upper elementary students to begin to learn to read weather maps?
a
First teach all of the weather symbols separately until students are proficient, then have them interpret a weather map with all the different weather symbols on it.
b
Have students interpret several maps, one at a time, which each show only one type of weather symbol.
c
Have students interpret a single map with all the different weather symbols, but teach about only one symbol each day.
d
Have the students interpret cartoon maps which use drawings instead of symbols, for example wind indicated by a face blowing air.
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Using several maps, each with only one type of weather symbol, allows students to take the time to fully interpret and understand each type of symbol without getting confused by the other symbols.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
It is best to break learning into small chunks - teach and apply one concept before learning the next.
34
Which of the following would be appropriate for a general education teacher to do to assist an intermediate-level ELL who has been struggling to understand the content?
a
find a peer tutor to work with the ELL student after school
b
provide the ELL student with additional homework tasks
c
frequently call on the student during class to check his understanding
d
incorporate more visuals, charts, and graphic organizers into the lessons
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This is one of the best ways for a teacher to make lesson content more comprehensible to ELLs.
35
Mr. Barrios is teaching a unit on multiplication to his fifth-grade class. On the very first day he gives an exit slip with the following problem on it:
123.456
×
789
=
123.456×789= _______
Every single student gets the question correct. How should he adjust his teaching?
a
Give more difficult exit slips.
b
Teach more advanced multiplication content to challenge his students.
c
Continue with his unit as planned; his students are clearly understanding the material.
d
Reteach the lesson because students are failing to understand the material.
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This is the best answer. While every student getting the answer to the exit correct could indicate stellar teaching, it could also indicate that students had previously mastered the material. He should consider adding more advanced content to his lessons to keep his students challenged and engaged.
incorrect
Option c is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
While every student getting the answer to the exit correct could indicate stellar teaching, it could also indicate that students had previously mastered the material. He should consider adding more advanced content to his lessons to keep his students challenged and engaged.
36
Mr. Williams is planning a research unit. He remembers feeling disappointed in the revision step of the writing portion the previous year. The first draft was due just a few days before the final draft, and very little revision was actually completed by the students. This year, he wants to prioritize completing a rough draft of the essay early enough to provide plenty of opportunity for revision. Which of the following would be the most logical way to achieve this goal?
a
Save time by providing students articles to use for research instead of expecting them to find them on their own.
b
Skip some of the more simple research objectives and only cover them if there is time at the end.
c
Consider which topics and skills could be taught after the rough draft is completed, to then be used during the revision process to improve the essay.
d
Choose topics for the students to save time.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This would be a good way to deliberately and purposefully prioritize the revision stage of the writing process.
37
A history teacher is planning a unit on The Great Depression. The teacher is developing the following activities for this unit: an analysis of common illnesses and how they impacted the population in the absence of certain vaccines, a review of typical wages and a budgeting activity for a fictional family of six during this time period, and a reflection of themes exhibited in a poem written during the time period.
Which of the following strategies is the teacher using based on these activities?
a
providing interdisciplinary instruction
b
considering ideas from multiple viewpoints
c
applying knowledge to the world beyond school
d
enabling students to work cooperatively
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Although this unit is designed for a history class, the teacher is incorporating interdisciplinary instruction through the study of illnesses (biology), budgeting (math), and themes in poetry (English language arts).
38
Which of the following is the best reason a teacher should mindfully include science practices and interdisciplinary connections when planning a science lesson?
a
The practices and connections will benefit the students' ability to socialize well with other students in the class.
b
Engages students so they will be more attentive to the lesson.
c
The practices and connections will be useful in the students' future studies and careers.
d
Allows every student to utilize their own learning styles.
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Science practices and interdisciplinary connections cut across the sometimes artificial boundaries of subject-specific science classes. These practices and connections will be useful in future studies and in careers.
incorrect
Option d is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
The practices and connections may allow some students to learn in their preferred styles, but this is not their main purpose.
39
Research has shown that ELL students benefit from formative assessments. All of the following are benefits that formative assessments provide to ELL students except:
a
They include feedback that is specific, timely, and related to the learning goals.
b
They provide information about students' current knowledge/skills that can inform future lessons.
c
They provide students with a grade that can be compared to peers.
d
They occur on a consistent basis to help teachers stay up-to-date on student learning.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Formative assessments do not typically provide students with a grade.
40
How can a teacher use informal assessment to guide instruction?
a
The teacher can compare students' performance with others at their age or grade.
b
The teacher can use the results to gauge the proficiency level of the students.
c
The teacher can target students' specific problem areas and adapt instruction to address those areas.
d
The teacher can use the time while students are taking the assessment to plan for future classes.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Informal assessments are the best way to monitor students' progress, help them maximize their own learning, and improve classroom instruction.
41
At the end of each unit, a teacher incorporates a day where no new objectives are taught. On that day, students take time to respond to a series of questions asking them to reflect on different aspects of their learning throughout the unit. What is the purpose of this instructional practice?
a
give the teacher an opportunity to catch students up who had fallen behind
b
provide the teacher with an opportunity to determine which aspects of the previous unit were successful
c
provide students with an opportunity to self-assess
d
accommodate the time necessary to transition the classroom supplies for the upcoming unit
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Students who are given time to reflect and self-assess are more likely to retain information and have a deeper understanding of what they have learned.
42
A teacher creates an assessment that includes questions at varying levels of understanding from basic memorization and recall to analysis and synthesis. Which of the following individuals researched these varying levels of understanding?
a
Maslow
b
Bloom
c
Piaget
d
Erikson
correct
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Bloom's taxonomy focuses on individual depth of understanding.
43
Which of the following final projects would be the most appropriate summative assessment for the 6th grade ELA standard below?
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.2
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
a
Students write and record a podcast about a topic of their choice.
b
Students work in groups to research a topic and create a slideshow to present their findings.
c
Students adapt a short story into a graphic novel.
d
Students write a mock letter to the editor in which they support a claim with evidence.
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This would be a creative way to assess how students organize, select, and analyze content to present. Writing a podcast script would be a fun alternative to an essay that might make the project feel more exciting and accessible for students who may not enjoy essay writing.
44
A first-grade teacher would like to incorporate physical education into a lesson on plant life cycles. Which of the following student activities would best support the teacher's goal?
a
participating in stretching or yoga poses that mimic the stages of the plant life cycle
b
counting the number of petals on a flower and doing the corresponding amount of jumping jacks
c
singing songs to help remember the stages of the plant life cycle
d
going on a walk around the outside of the school to look at different plants
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This is an effective activity to use when integrating physical education and science.
incorrect
Option d is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Walking around the outside of the school does not specifically incorporate physical education skills. Additionally, looking at different plants does not directly support the topic of plant life cycles.
45
Prior to a first-grade teacher reading a story about the zoo to his class, he tells his students that he wants them to learn which animals live at the zoo because they will be going on a field trip to the local zoo next week. By telling the students the objective of the reading material, the teacher best demonstrates knowledge of which teaching principle?
a
Students at this cognitive level best process new information by relating it to already known information or past experiences.
b
Student learning is best achieved by relating material to students' interests.
c
When students are aware of the focus and expectations of an activity, their comprehension of the material increases.
d
Class readings should not exceed the comprehension level of the highest achieving students.
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When students are aware of the purpose of an assignment, they are better able to understand and process the information.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Activating prior knowledge is a very useful teaching practice, but in this scenario it does not necessarily apply. Students may not have prior knowledge about animals at the zoo.
46
Mr. Estrada's middle school class is learning about genetics. He first has his students observe the traits of their classmates and take note of which traits are more common. Then, the students practice using Punnett squares and observe patterns of inheritance in the offspring. Last, Mr. Estrada asks the students to predict the most likely phenotypes of offspring without drawing a Punnett square.
Which of the activities from the lesson described above would be the most likely to elicit critical thinking from the students?
a
Practicing using Punnett Squares
b
Observing traits of classmates
c
Observing patterns of inheritance
d
Predicting phenotypes of offspring
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Predicting is a higher-level skill which requires understanding cause and effect.
incorrect
Option c is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Observing is a lower-level skill which does not require critical thinking.
47
Mr. Burnett's 10th-grade chemistry class had a very low class average on their most recent exam, which focused on the fundamentals of chemical structure. He is worried that because of the students' limited comprehension of this core information, they will struggle with the next unit on chemical bonding. What should he do?
a
Reteach the core concepts using a varied instructional approach.
b
Ask the students to stay after school to review the results of their assessment.
c
Continue with the curriculum plans and begin the next unit.
d
Provide the students with a take-home assessment to replace the results of the in-class exam.
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When a teacher identifies that students do not understand the concepts presented, the teacher should then select re-teaching activities that present the content in a different way.
48
A teacher tells students to use the checks and balances chart shown here to identify three examples of checks that the federal government branches can impose on each other.
When the students hand in their work, the teacher notices that many of them misread the chart and identified checks imposed by each branch as those written on the arrows going into the branch. In their reflection/notes to themselves for how to improve the delivery of instruction the following year, the teacher might write all of the following except:
a Demonstrate how to properly use the chart before assigning the activity.
b Print or project a colored chart with arrows matching the color of the branch from which they originated.
c Circulate during the activity to check students' work in progress.
d Allow students to revise their work and resubmit it for a better grade.
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The option to revise and resubmit work does not improve the delivery of the instruction and many future students would likely misread the chart on the first try if other adjustments are not made to the activity.
49
Mr. Jones is creating an assessment for his seventh-grade English class, and he wants to utilize all levels of Bloom's taxonomy within the assessment. Which of the following assessments should he choose?
a essay test in which students choose from several prompts
b oral exam in which students respond to questions in class
c matching test in which students have to pair words with their definitions
d multiple choice test with varying levels of rigor in the questions
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Bloom's taxonomy provides a framework for educators as they plan lessons to help students master content. The framework assigns verbs to the increasing level of rigor that include remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
An essay test that allows students to choose their own responses would utilize some higher levels in Bloom's taxonomy but would not utilize the entire taxonomy.
50
While reviewing the syllabus at the beginning of the school year, a science teacher informs students that the course will have weighted grades in which 40% of the grade will be made up of assessment items, and 60% of the grade will be made up of classwork, homework, and participation grades. What is the advantage of this assessment practice?
a This allows students to monitor their grades carefully so they are not surprised by report card grades.
b This allows students to develop and enhance their study skills.
c This provides the teacher with enough data to drop the lowest grades at the end of the semester.
d This ensures the student will be graded fairly and that the teacher will have information about students who are falling behind.
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Since all assessments are weighted within the same category, one poor test grade will not significantly impact a student's overall grade. This assessment practice also allows the teacher to monitor each student's grades in order to identify those who are in need of additional intervention or support.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Students' ability to monitor their grades is largely dependent upon how they are informed of current grades, not the assessments used in the class.
51
A teacher used the scope and sequence provided by the district to plan a unit prior to beginning instruction. After reflecting on the first week's progress, the teacher realizes that the students are not ready to move on to the skill she currently has scheduled for the following week. Which of the following best describes how the teacher should move forward in this unit?
a change the upcoming plans to meet the students' needs, but also revisit and revise the unit plan to ensure that all unit objectives will still be taught
b change the upcoming lesson plans to provide more time for the current objective, and carefully choose which objectives to skip now that the timeline has shifted
c continue with the current plan and adjust planned assessments to reflect the current progress
d continue with the current plan but identify opportunities in future units to include similar learning goals to those not met
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This is the best plan because it meets the class's current needs while adjusting future pacing to make sure all objectives are taught.
52
During a math lesson, a teacher notices that many students are doodling on their notes page or fidgeting in their seats. Which of the following is the best instructional approach to the situation?
a Warn students they will lose recess time if they cannot focus.
b Give a pop quiz over the material covered, but do not count it as a grade.
c Incorporate a small group activity that requires students to move.
d Take a classroom break and encourage students to use the restroom or get water.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This allows students to refocus on the lesson and apply what has been taught.
53
At the start of each lesson, Mr. Goodman asks his students to raise their hands and state something important that they learned in the previous lesson. He writes their responses on the board and then refers back to them during the class that day. What is the main purpose of doing this?
a This is a way to ensure students know how to take notes.
b This is a way to encourage student participation.
c This is a way to help students retain new knowledge.
d This is a way to informally assess students.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Research shows that students are more likely to retain information if they can reinforce the information they are actively learning. Reviewing content at the start of the lesson and referring back to it during the lesson is a good way to reinforce concepts.
54
A mathematics teacher gives her class a two-question clicker quiz at the end of each class period and tabulates their answers according to their mathematical understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns. If her goal is improvement in her students' mathematical proficiency, her best use of the data would be to use it to:
a create a display highlighting mathematical vocabulary for English-language learners.
b develop instruction that connects mathematical concepts and procedures.
c teach students to model and solve problems in other disciplines.
d inform upcoming instructional strategies.
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Data on student understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns is best used to inform instructional strategies on the same or subsequent topics.
incorrect
Option b is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
The data may show that mathematical connections are lacking, in which case the upcoming instructional strategies would have this focus, however, in general, this is not the best use of the data.
55
An English and history teacher are planning an interdisciplinary unit for 9th graders in which students will conduct research and take notes during history class and complete an informational writing assignment in English class using those notes. The teachers have isolated which standards they need to cover with the unit and how those standards will be assessed. What would be the next step for the teachers if they are using a backward planning model?
a Create a scope and sequence for each course.
b Plan the first lessons of the unit that will be taught in each classroom.
c Create a complimentary series of learning goals for lessons taught in each classroom.
d Decide on instructional strategies that will be used by each teacher.
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
In backward planning, teachers begin by considering what students should be able to do at the end of the unit and then create a set of daily or short-term learning goals to help students meet that target. Once the teachers have determined which standards will be assessed, they will need to create a sequence of learning goals for the unit.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Scope and sequence is an organizational tool teachers use to plan the depth (scope) and order of topics (sequence) that will be covered during the school year or course. While this unit or its content would be part of each teacher's scope and sequence for their individual courses, they would not work together to create these documents. Scope and sequence are typically determined by the teacher, department, or district at the start of the year and are often consistent from year to year.
56
A 2nd-grade teacher has created an interdisciplinary project in which each student will grow their own bean plant from a seed in the classroom window. This activity would be most appropriate for teaching:
a experimentation and the scientific process.
b recording and analyzing data.
c metacognitive reflection.
d spelling and vocabulary.
correct
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Growing a bean plant from a seed would be a fun, engaging, and hands-on way for students to learn how to track data by recording and analyzing the growth of their bean plants.
57
An 8th-grade history teacher is teaching his students about past presidents. As part of the unit, he plans to have a mock election, in which each student acts as a former president and presents a persuasive campaign speech. The following steps will be performed over a week.
Step 1: Students will be shown a video clip of two presidential nominees giving a campaign speech. Students will be asked to share their opinions on the candidates. The teacher will reveal who the candidates are and who won the election.
Step 2: The teacher will present the elements of a persuasive speech. The students will watch another video and identify the elements within the campaign speeches.
Step 3: Students will be asked to name some former presidents and their accomplishments. Students will complete a graphic organizer matching each president to his major accomplishment.
Step 4: Students will be assigned a president to research and act as when giving a campaign speech. The teacher will randomly select sets of two presidents to compete against one another in a modern-day mock election.
Step 5: Students will research their president and prepare a 2-3 minute campaign speech, addressing the issues of today, for a mock election. Additionally, students will prepare a campaign slogan and poster.
Step 6: Students will give their speeches and classmates will vote for a winner.
Which two of the following standards would fit well with this unit?
Select all answers that apply.
a write persuasive texts to influence the attitudes or actions of a specific audience
b translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form
c gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others
d produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The campaign speeches are structured as persuasive texts and aimed to influence the actions of the students in the class.
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The students will be required to produce clear and coherent writing, appropriate to task purpose and audience in the formation of their campaign speeches. The campaign speeches must be written in a way that persuades the students in the class to vote for them.
incorrect
Option c is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
This is not one of the standards of this activity. Students will not be quoting or paraphrasing the conclusions of others in their campaign speeches.
58
Before introducing a new concept, a middle school teacher always uses a K-W-L activity. Which of the following is the primary reason for the teacher to use this activity at the start of each lesson?
a This activity provides a baseline for students' current knowledge so that instruction can be planned accordingly.
b This activity can easily be differentiated for higher and lower-achieving students.
c This activity reduces the amount of planning time for the teacher when beginning a new unit of study.
d This activity is familiar to the students and helps the teacher to maintain a consistent classroom routine.
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
K-W-L charts require students to share what they know, what they want to know, and what they have learned. By asking the students to begin this activity before introducing a new unit, the teacher will be able to easily identify background knowledge as well as gaps in knowledge so that instruction can be provided accordingly.
59
Miguel is a kindergarten student who is reading a book aloud to his teacher. He is reading without assistance until the fourth page of the book, when he pauses at an unfamiliar word. Which of the following should Miguel's teacher do first?
a Read the word aloud to Miguel to prevent him from getting stuck or frustrated.
b Offer Miguel a book that is more appropriate for his reading level.
c Encourage Miguel to guess the word based on pictures in the book.
d Watch Miguel to see which decoding strategies he uses.
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Miguel's teacher should first let Miguel attempt to decode the word on his own, then offer assistance if needed.
60
Which of the following learning goals is most appropriate when teaching an eighth-grade class about cultural contributions to mathematics?
a Students will be able to explain how various cultures have contributed to the development of mathematics throughout history.
b Students will be able to understand the base 10 number system.
c Students will be able to describe the mathematicians who contributed to the development of modern geometry.
d Students will be able to identify which culture developed algebra.
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This learning goal covers the entire scope of all of the cultures who have helped develop math.
61
An elementary teacher wants to be sure the lessons offered are presented in a logical manner that enhances student understanding. The teacher sets learning goals and then plans the unit around these goals. This method is often referred to as:
a scaffolding.
b backwards planning.
c formative assessment and instruction.
d feedback loops.
correct
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Backwards planning is focused on identifying goals and then creating lessons to achieve the desired results.
62
When planning an upcoming unit, the teacher considered the various objectives and the amount of class time that was necessary to teach the content in the previous school year. Which of the following is not necessary to incorporate into plans for the progression of learning objectives throughout the unit?
a remediation for students who have fallen behind
b repeated exposures to content
c opportunities to connect new ideas with previously learned concepts
d opportunities for reflection
correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Remediation will generally not occur in a whole class lesson unless all or almost all of the students require additional instruction. Small groups are more appropriate for remediation. Since the teacher is planning for the progression of learning objectives for the class as a whole, small group lessons do not need to be considered at this time.
63
Who is generally responsible for creating the scope and sequence of a curriculum?
a campus principals with input from department heads
b individual teachers based on the learning standards approved by the state
c teachers at the campus level working collaboratively
d instructional facilitators at the district level
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The scope and sequence for each subject is generally made at a district level. This ensures that similar content is being taught at similar times across the district.
incorrect
Option a is the wrong answer.
Explanation:
Principals are not usually responsible for developing the scope and sequence documents. Principals will have a variety of instructional and content area backgrounds, meaning they may not be an expert in all subjects. Also, guiding documents like a scope and sequence are often developed at the district level to ensure continuity among schools.
64
Based on the results of an exit slip, a teacher knows that 4 out of their 20 students do not understand an important concept that has just been taught. What would be the most appropriate next step for the teacher to take?
a Move on with the material as planned because only a small number of students are confused about the concept.
b Meet with the students individually to provide one-on-one instruction on the concept.
c At the next opportunity, gather those 4 students together to review the material they seemed to struggle with.
d Review the material with the whole group to ensure that everyone understands before moving on.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Finding an appropriate time to pull the students together to review the material using a few different instructional strategies to help them understand would be the most appropriate approach. Small-group instruction based on formative assessment data is an appropriate and helpful method to ensure that all students learn the material.
65
After a quiz over plant systems, Mr. Wyatt sees that most of his students believe that all plants cells have chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Which of the following activities would best correct this misconception?
a Tell students that each part of the plant carries out a different function, so cells from different parts of the plant have different organelles.
b Correct the question on students' quizzes and provide written feedback so students may refer back to it.
c Ask students to identify the function of chloroplasts and chlorophyll and whether all cells in the plant carry out this function. Have students view root cells under a microscope and tell whether or not these structures are present. Ask students to reflect on why.
d Show students a short video about pollination and explain that this does not require chloroplasts.
correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
This activity has students participate in an investigation, and it provides evidence that not all plant cells have chloroplasts or chlorophyll and provides reasoning for why.
66
A second-grade teacher follows this general framework when introducing a new math skill:
Teacher guides students as they use manipulatives to explore the new concept or skill.
Teacher accompanies the manipulatives with symbolic representation.
Students practice the skill in context with manipulatives and symbolic representation.
Students move towards using symbolic representations without manipulatives.
Following this framework is likely to have which of the following effects on student learning?
a Students will feel frustrated if they are not able to complete the problems without manipulatives.
b Students will be able to make connections between newly learned math skills and other subject areas.
c Students will feel more comfortable working cooperatively with their peers.
d Students will have a more concrete understanding of abstract mathematical concepts.
correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Introducing mathematical concepts with concrete manipulatives is an effective way to provide students with a more concrete understanding of each concept.
PPR Exam
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
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Lesson Planning66
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Student Diversity40
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Monitoring Performance68
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Human Development45
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Technology59
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Active Engagement104
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Legal and Ethical Requirements43
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Classroom Environment30
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Learning Processes46
-
Classroom Management48
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Family Involvement36
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Professional Development42
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Practice Test Questions89
-
Bloom’s Taxonomy10
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs10
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Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development6
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ELL Proficiency30
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Passage Prep68
