Actual Cash Value
amount it would cost to replace the property minus depreciation.
replacement-cost coverage.
the amount needed to rebuild or replace property as if it were new, without factoring in depreciation. I
Even with replacement-cost coverage, the insurer will typically pay the lowest of these three amounts:
The cost to replace the property (Insurance companies often secure replacements at reduced wholesale prices through their vendor relationships.)
The cost to repair the property
The policy’s stated dollar limit — also known as limit of liability — for that specific type of property
Functional replacement cost
the amount needed to replace property with a new but potentially less expensive alternative that serves the same essential purpose.
fair market value
An item’s fair market value is the amount owners would receive if they were to sell the item in its current condition. In almost all cases, property insurance doesn’t cover an item’s fair market value
valued policy
It compensates the consumer with a pre-agreed amount established before any loss occurs.
When are valued Policies Are Used
When insured items would be difficult to replace, like antiques or historical artifacts.
When the financial impact of a loss cannot be calculated with certainty, such as the true cost of losing family members to premature death.
Valued policies are extremely common in life insurance but appear less frequently in other insurance sectors.
appraisal
a formal, expert opinion about an item’s authenticity, condition, and value.
Stated-amount Policies
An insurance policy where you set the item’s value with the insurer.
If there’s a loss, they pay the lesser of:
• The stated amount, or
• The cost to repair/replace.
What is a reporting form in insurance?
It’s a type of policy that adjusts coverage based on regular updates from a business about its inventory or assets, instead of using a fixed coverage amount.
What is pair or set coverage in property insurance?
It covers the loss in value when one item from a pair or set (like earrings or furniture) is lost or damaged—not the cost of replacing the whole set.
What are the 3 levels of property insurance coverage?
Basic coverage – Covers a few perils (e.g., fire, lightning).
Broad coverage – Covers basic perils plus more (like falling objects, water damage).
Special coverage – Covers all risks, except listed exclusions (open-peril).
Concurrent causation
when a loss is created by more than one peril at essentially the same time
total loss
occurs when property is stolen or damaged beyond usability
partial losses
where the property is damaged but can still be repaired or restored
What is a coinsurance clause
It’s a rule that requires you to insure property for a certain percentage (usually 80%) of its value to get full payment on partial losses.
What happens if you don’t meet the coinsurance requirement?
The insurer will reduce the payout for partial losses based on how underinsured you are.
What’s the main goal of a coinsurance clause?
To make sure property is adequately insured.
To help insurers manage small claims more fairly.
What is another name for a coinsurance clause?
It’s also called an insurance-to-value clause.