Psychology GRE > LIFESPAND DEVELOPMENTAL > Flashcards

LIFESPAND DEVELOPMENTAL Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

A
  • stud of transition that accompanies physical growth or maturation
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2
Q

Fertilization

A
  • occurs in fallopian tube

- zygote goes through 3 stages of gestation

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3
Q

Germinal stsge

A
  • last 2 weeks
  • zygote moves down follopain tube and gros in 64 cells
  • implants itself into wall of the uterus
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4
Q

Embyronic stage

A
  • lasts until 2 month

- organ formation

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5
Q

Fetal stages

A
  • last from 3 months to birth

- quantitative growth occurs during this stage and movement (quickening)

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6
Q

when does HY antigentcuase testis to form?

A
  • 6 weeks
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7
Q

When does testosteron form?

A
  • 3 months
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8
Q

Neonate

A
  • newborn whos behaviour is reflexive
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9
Q

Reflexes

A

1) sucking
2) head turning
3) moro - throw out limbs
4) Babinski - fanning of toes
5) palmar - grabbing something

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10
Q

Adolescence

A
  • from 13-19 years where puberty begins

- Adrenal and pituitary gland secrete estrogen or androgen for secondary sex characteristics

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11
Q

Nature vs. nurture

A
  • use monozygotic and dizygotic twins to explore genetic and environmental influences
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12
Q

Piaget

A
  • cognitive development in child
  • interaction between internal maturation and external epeirnce creates qualitiative changes
  • language development determined by these stages
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13
Q

Adaptation (piaget)

A
  • occurs through assimilation and accomodation (fitting new info into ideas and modifying cognitive schema to incorporate new information)
  • order of steps do not vary
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14
Q

Sensorimotor (1) - cognitive development

A
  • 0-2 years
  • relflexive behaviour
  • circular reactions - manipulate environment
  • object permance - know object exists even when cannot see it
  • representation - visualizing and putting word to objects
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15
Q

Preoperational (2) - cognitive development

A
  • 2- 7 years
  • egocentric understaingin
  • acquire words
  • can’t perform mental operations
  • can’t understand quantity
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16
Q

Concrete operation (3) - cognitive development

A
  • 7-12 years
  • understand concrete realtionships e.g. math
  • conservation - changes in shape doesn’t mean changes in volume
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17
Q

Formal operations (4) - cognitive development

A
  • 12 years

- understand abstract relationships e.g. logic and reasoning

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18
Q

Gelman

A
  • Piaget underestimated cognitive ability ot preschoolers

- can deal with ideas e.g. quanitity in small set of objects

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19
Q

Moral development

A
  • 3 stages by piaget
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20
Q

Stage 1 moral development

A
  • 4-7 years

- imitates rule following behaviour, does not question acceptance

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21
Q

Stage 2 moral development

A
  • 7-11 years

- understand rules and follows them

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22
Q

Stage 3 moral development

A
  • 12+ years
  • applies abstract thinking to rules
  • can change rules if all parties agree
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23
Q

Freud personality development

A
  • driving force for humans was sexual gratification
  • parental over-or underindulgence at particular stage may result in fixation
  • life stressors later in life may result in regression (to earlier stage)
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24
Q

Regression (frued peronaliy development)

A
  • life stressors later in life may results in regression
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25
Oral (1)
- birth - 19 mos | - recieve pleasure orally through sucking, biting etc.
26
Anal (2)
- 18 mos to 3 years - recieves pleasure from self-stimulation of genitals - boys develop oedipus complex (jealous of father) and girls develop electra complex (penis envy) - boys motivated to suppres lust by castration anxiety
27
Latency (3)
- adolescence - repressed sexuality - identify with same sex friends and focus on growing up
28
Genital (4)
- adolescnce-adulthood - hormones awaken and sexual instinct - love objects are now nonfamilial
29
Kohlberg
- moral development by analyzing response in children though 9 hypothetical moral dilemnas
30
Heinz dilemna
- woman is dying and needs expensive medication | - husband can't afford medication - should she steal it or let her die?
31
Preconventional/premoral (1) kohlberg
- "if I steal medicine, I will get in trouble" Level 1: should avoid punishment Level 2: should gain rewards
32
Conventional/morality of conformity (2) kohlberg
- "stelaing is against the law" Level 2: should gain approval Level 3: should follow law and authority
33
Postconventional/morality of self-accepted principles (3) kohlberg
" if its unjust that money is an obstacle to life. it is ethical that I save my wife" Level 5: beyond black and white of law; attentive to rights and social welfare Level 6: makes decision based on abstract ethical principles
34
Carol Gilligan
- Kohlebr's moral development was biased towards males becuase it dominated by rules, whereas womans morality focuses more on compassion
35
Erik Erikson
- life span development | - each stage of life has it's own unique psychosocial conflict to resolve
36
Birth-18mos (life span)
- trust vs. istrust | - resolution = trust
37
18 mos - 3 years (life span)
- autonomy vs. shame and doubt | - resoltuion = independnece
38
3-6 years (life span)
- initiative vs. guilty | - resolution = purpose
39
6-puberty (life span)
- industry vs. inferiorrity | - resolution = competency
40
teen years (life span)
- identity vs. role confusion - resolution = sense of self - gave term to "identity crisis"
41
Young adult (life span)
- intimacy vs. isolation | - resolution = love
42
Middle age (life span)
- producitivty vs. stagnation | - resoltuion = producitivty and caring
43
Old age (life span)
- ego integrity vs. despair | - resolution = wisdom and integrity
44
Bowlby
- infants are motivated to attach to other for positive reason and for negative ones (avoiding fear) - critical during senitive period to prevent character and stability problems
45
Ainsworth
- studied attachment through strange situation - overall children demonstrateed stranger anxity (crying when stranger enterd) - children responded differently to mothers who entered the room - work carried on by Mary Main
46
Securely attached
- ran an clung to their mothers | - more readily explore the environment
47
Avoidant attached
- ignored or avoided their mothers
48
Ambivalent attached
- infants squirmed or kciekd if their mothers tried to comfort them
49
Baumrind
- studied relationship between parenting stlyes and personality development - authortarian, authoritative and permissive
50
Authoritarian
- demandng, unaffection | - had children who were withdrawn and unhappy
51
Permissive parenting
- affectionate, not strict | - had children who were happy but lacking elf-control and self-reliance
52
Authoritative parent
- affection, firm but fair - had chidren who were self-confident, assertive, friendly, happy and high functioning - help children understand and accept norms of society and how to function
53
John watson's behavioustic approach to development
- chidren were pasively molded by their environment and that behaviour emerges through imiation of their parents
54
Internal maturational factors
- control motor development for the first 2 years of life
55
Interacting with infants through attention and affection
- fosters their physical, emotional, IQ development | - neglectd children show mental retardation and morality
56
Gesseel
- nature provided a blueprint for development through maturation and environment filled in the details
57
Children who identify as aggressive in early age:
- remain moderatly aggressive at later stages
58
Sex-typed beahviour
- beahviour that seems sterotypical for gender - low at young and older life - highest during adolescence
59
Boys who reach puberty sooner:
- psychologicall and socially advantagous
60
Career aspirations of children:
- usually similar to their parents
61
Hermaphrodie or intersex
- both male and female genitals | - most likely result of female fetus beng expose to higher levels of testosterone
62
Symbolic play
- children 1-2 years pretend roles and use objects to represent things - apparent that they understand conceps of having one object stand for the other
63
Parallel play
- when children 2-3 are standing next to eachother and playing in similar style but by themselves and not interacting with others
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