Limbic System Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

hippocampus usually develops like____,and they are also called_____ and is continuous with the_____ gyrus

horns

Cornu ammonis

dentate

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The word limbus means____

ring

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The limbic system was formerly called_____ because of its association to____, but in human beings it is a___ part of it is actually concerned with____.

rhinencephalon

olfaction

small; smell

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phylogenetically oldest part of the cerebral cortex is the ____

The limbic cortex

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Limbic cortex is made up of primitive type of cortical tissue called ____ which consists of____ layers and surrounds the—- of the cerebral hemisphere.

allocortex

three

hilum

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There is second ring of transitional cortex called____ between the
__cortex and the __cortex. It consists of ____layers.
-The cortical tissue of remaining non-limbic portion of the hemisphere is called ___cortex which is made up of___ layers and most highly developed in man.

juxta-allocortex

allo; neo; three to six

neo; six

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Because of visceral responses to activities in the limbic system, it is also known as____ brain
-limbic system has____ subsystems,____ output pathway

visceral

Two; One

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limbic lobe Surrounds rostral part of____ &____ commissure.

brain Stem; interhemispheric

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-____ is a person that used “limbic” in____ to describe the large cortical convolutions on the___ aspect of the hemisphere.

Paul Broca

1878
medial

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the limbic lobe is that it appears early or late in phylogenesis?

Early

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Limbic posseses a certain constancy in in gross & microscopic structure.
T/F

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limbic lobe is made up of two parts

___ gyrus:for ____ and___ processing ,also used in____
___ gyrus:___ processing

Cingulate

memory; emotional; ANS

parahippocampal; memory

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The cingulate gyrus is a ‘____centre’ of brain and associated with the feeling of____ after—— or ———

satisfaction

a meal or after sexual intercourse.

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medial to the PHG is the_____(for_____)
Traced posteriorly the hippocampus gradually narrows and ultimately ends______
it’s made up of a lot of parts
_____ gyrus:____ component
____:____ component of HF
_____ proper:____ component of HF
________

hippocampal formation

memory

beneath the splenium of corpus callosum

dentate; afferent

Subiculum; efferent

hippocampus; efferent

indusium griseum

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the amygdala

found ———-the HF.
involved in____,——- and ___
It’s an_____-shaped mass of grey matter
has 2 groups
____ nucleus: emotional response related to smell
_____ nucleus group; everything else
Posteriorly the amygdaloid body becomes continuous with_____ and____

ontop of

emotion; behavior, and emotional response to smell

almond

corticomedial; basolateral

tail of caudate nucleus

stria terminalis

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hypothalamus: 2 main nuclei involved in the limbic system
* ____
* ____nuclei (anterior___;post____)

mamillary body; ANS

para; sympa

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thalamus: 2 main nuclei involved in the limbic system
* ____ of thalamus
* ______ nucleus

Anterior nucleus

dorsomedial

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dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus collects fibers from_____ to pass to_____ so it involves ___ and ___

amygdala

prefrontal cortex

emotions and behaviors

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———- was once considered as the seat of soul.

Hippocampus

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septal area:

found in the_____ and______ gyrus
septal region is on the____ aspect of the____ lobe beneath the____ and ____ of corpus callosum and in front of the_____
The septal region includes ____ and ____gyri.
The cerebral cortex in this region is called septal area.
The septal area has been shown to be a___ zone of brain in____.

septum pallucidum; paraterminal

medial; frontal
genu and rostrum

lamina terminalis

paraterminal and parolfactory

pleasure; rats

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habenular: a part of the______

epithalamus

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The lamina terminalis is a ____ matter fills the interval between the____ and the_____

Grey

optic chiasm

rostrum of the corpus callosum.

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Fimbria: white matter tract that contains afferent and efferent fibers of the_____. The fimbria travels along the___; when it separates from the it, it becomes the____.

hippocampus

hippocampus; fornix

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Fornix: connects____ to _____and_____

hippocampus; septal area ; mammillary body of hypothalamus

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Fornix is one of the efferent systems of the hippocampus. | T/F

F. | Sole efferent

-striae terminalis: connects____ to——- and ———;goes _ ways

amygdala septal area and mammillary body of hypothalamus 2way

ventral amygdalo fugol pathway: connects____ to_____,____ and _____ ;goes ___ ways

amygdala septal area, mammillary body of hypothalamus, and medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus 2way

-striae medullaris thalami: connects ______ to _____;goes __ ways

septa area to habenular 2way

mammilothalamic tract: connect_____ to______ ; goes ___ ways

mammillary bodies anterior nucleus of thalamus 2way

medial forebrain bundle: from____ through_____ to the_____; goes __ ways

prefrontal cortex lateral part of hypothalamus reticular formation of the brain stem 2way

mammilotegmental tract: from______ to ______ ;goes ____ ways

mammillary body of Hypothalamus to ventral tegmental area of midbrain 1way

mamillary peduncles: from_____ to _______; goes ___ ways

ventral tegmental area of midbrain to mammillary body of Hypothalamus; 1way

Functions of limbic system Olfactory system -smell reaches____ and stimulates it to send AP down through the____ -It then bifurcates into___ and ____ -MOS goes to the____ -LOS goes to two places.___ (___of smell) and____ (___of smell)

olfactory bulb olfactory tract medial and lateral olfactory striae orbitofrontal cortex PHG; memory amygdala; emotion

Function of limbic system Memory and learning -the___ circuit(aka the ____ Circuit ) is very important in this -from____-via____- to_____-via____- to____- to_____ - (1)-entorhinal cortex of___ then____ and from this back to the___-and (2)-____cortex to have our memory and learning involved with our thoughts and decision making

``` papez; Hippocampal subiculum of hippocampus Fornix mammillary bodies of Hypothalamus mammilothalamic tract anterior nucleus of thalamus cingulate gyrus PHG dentate nucleus of hippocampus subiculum ``` prefrontal

Entorhinal cortex is area___

Function of limbic system Emotions and Behavior Emotion:____, ____,___,____ Behavior:_____,____,____

fear, anger, rage , sadness feeding, sex, motivation

amygdala is connected to____ cortex,____ lobe and _____area

prefrontal; temporal; posterior association

Posterior association area includes the ——-,——, and ——-

auditory association, visual association, and somatosensory association

Feeding - amygdala sends fibers to 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus. - _____nuclei for____ - _____nuclei for____

ventromedial satiety lateral hypothalamic hunger

Sexual activity - amygdala sends fibers to 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus. - _____nuclei that secretes____ and ____ sex drive - ____nucleus that secretes _____ that ____ sex drive

paraventricular oxytocin and increase medial pre-optic testosterone that increases

Motivation activity -from amygdala to ____and____ and these 2 give fibers to the____ area of____ that is rich in____ and that area sends ____nergic neurons to____ cortex(____pathway) and_____(_____pathways)

septal area ; hypothalamus ventral tegmental; midbrain; dopamine dopami prefrontal; mesocortical nucleus accumbens; mesolimbic

Fear !! -amygdala to____ nucleus of hypothalamus via ____tract to___ neuron located within the____ region of spinal cord AND amygdala to Another nucleus of hypothalamus that produce ____hormone that tells the____ to release___ that stimulates the___ to make____ that is involved in the stress response

posterior hypothalamic hypothalamospinal preganglionic; thoracolumbar corticotropin releasing ; anterior pituitary; ACTH; adrenal gland; cortisol

Kluver Bucy: - _____damage ; specifically the____; but also the____ - this causes___ - hyper_____ - hyper____ - amnesia

bilateral temporal lobe amygdala hippocampus plaucidity hyperphagia sexual

Plaucidity means_____ Hyperphagia means _____

no response of fear or anger over eating

Wernicke’s encephalopathy - due to_____ - causes damages to the_____ - symptoms include____ - it attacks ______peduncles and that leads to___ - also attacks CN _ and CN_ and lead to____

vitB1 deficiency mamillary body confabulation middle cerebellar ; ataxia cn3 and cn6 ; opthalmoplegia

Confabulation means_____

pieces of memories are missing so they make up things to fill it

Bilateral removal of hippocampus causes_____ amnesia

anterograde

In anterograde amnesia : fill with lost or intact short term memory is _____ ability to learn/store new information is _____ memories of distant past and intelligence is ____

Lost Lost Intact

Alzheimer’s affect ___ term memory at first then goes on to also destroy___ term memory

Short Long

Declarative memory: a type of___-term memory that involves_____

long conscious recollection of particular facts(episodic ) and events(semantic)

``` List the types of declarative memories ____ ____ ____ ____ ```

Episodic Semantic Autobiographical Spatial

Episodic Memory :refers to memory____ Semantic Memory refers to______ Autobiographical memory refers to_____ Spatial memory refers to_____

gathered from day to day experiences and can be stated and conjured explicitly. facts and general knowledge we gather over the years. episodes of memory collected from one’s life based on a specific object, person, space, and time. the recording of information concerning the spatial arrangement of an individual.

Procedural memory: Procedural memory is a type of___-term memory involving____ -it involves___ coordination provided by the___/___ and___ contexts

long how to perform different actions and skills Motor Striatum / cerebellum Emotional

List the types of procedural memory ``` ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ```

``` Priming Perceptual Category Emotional Procedural ```

Priming refers to______ Perceptual learning refers to_____ Category learning refers to______ Emotional Learning refers to______ Procedural Learning involves_____

subconscious stimulus creation in response to primary stimulus without guidance and intentions. achieving better perception giving rise to discrimination between two similar things concept attainment to clarify and categorize different things accordingly. the effect of emotions on an individual. And we all know emotions have a profound effect on an individual skill attainment for better task attainability at any point in life

Facts and events | -are___-term but after____ and ____ can be ____-term

Short Recall and consolidation Long

——— plays a major role in consolidation of memory

Hippocampal function

Declarative memory is based on_____ and ____ while the procedural memory is based on the______.

recall and retrieval performance of a person

. Both these types of memories are stored in same region of brains T/F

——— type of memory also plays a role in defining the personality of a person

Procedural memory

declarative involves____ of the brain , procedural uses____ part of the brain directly

hippocampus cerebellum

In certain memory disorders like Alzheimer's disease,_____ memory is known to function better than the other one

procedural

State which are gray and which are white matter ``` Fimbria Fornix Alveus Thalamus Habenular Stria terminalis Striae medullaris thalami Hippocampus Parahippocampal gyrus Amygdala Limbic lobe Cingular’s gyrus Septal area Mamillary peduncles ```

``` White White White Grey Grey White White Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey Grey White ```

Amygdaloid complex- gray mass situated in the____ portion of temporal lobe, ___ and ____to the tip of___ horn of lateral ventricle.

dorsomedial rostral & partly superior inferior

The amygdaloid is related medially to the_____, and laterally to the___. ➢Caudally the amygdaloid complex is in contact with_____

olfactory area; claustrum tail of caudate nucleus.

The stria terminalis emerges from___ aspect of amygdaloid nucleus.

posterior

Septal region Projects to midbrain reticular formation via____ ●Projects to__ nuclei via stria medullaris; from there it projects to____ nuclei ->_____ -> respiratory, cardiovascular, salivatory centers responding to emotional stimuli.

medial forebrain bundle. habenular; interpeduncular; reticular formation

Septal neurons are not affected by antipsychotic drugs. | T/F

F | They are

●Some euphoric drugs may affect septal neurons | T/F

Septal nuclei can be self-stimulated in animals | T/F

Septal nuclei May play a role in regulating sexual function | T/F

Alzheimer’s Disease ●____ before age 65; after 65 called______ ●Forgetfulness; abnormalities of memory, cognition, orientation and behavior. ●Loss of neurons in _____and____ gyrus. ●Reduction in ___nergic innervation of cortex. Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in____, in the substantia_____; may cause loss of cognitive function.

Progressive dementia; senile dementia. hippocampal formation ; parahippocampal choli basal nucleus of Meynert innominata

The claustrum is a thin, bilateral collection of___ and___, that connects to cortical (e.g., the_____) and subcortical regions (e.g.,_____) of the brain.

neurons; supporting glial cells pre-frontal cortex the thalamus

Chronic alcoholism with associated nutritional deficiency can cause Korsakoff’s syndrome T/F

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is associated with loss of memory | T/F

Kluver bucy symptoms include Visual agnosia: objects not recognized visually, caused by damage to____

cortical areas caudal to amygd.

Unilateral or bilateral ablation of the amygdaloid and the paraamygdaloid area in patients suffering from aggressive behavior in many cases results in________

a decrease in aggressiveness, emotional instability & restlessness.

A Kluver bucy syndrome symptoms includes no Compulsion to attend to sensory stimuli: tactile & oral T/F

Limbic System Flashcards

(78 cards)