Limbic system

Question 1

What is the overreaching function of the limbic system?

Answer 1

Assign value to emotions or sensory events

Question 2

How many layers is the hippocampal formation?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 3

• Dentate gyrus
• Hippocampus proper
• Subiculum

Question 4

What is the name of the circuit that predates the modern concept of the limbic system?

Answer 4

Papez circuit

Question 5

What is the papez circuit?

Answer 5

• Cinguate gyrus
• Hippocampus
• Fornix
• Hypothalamus - Mamillary bodies
• Thalamus
• Cortex

Question 6

What is the function of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 6

• Formation of new memories and learning

Question 7

What results from removal of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 7

Anterograde amnesia

Question 8

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 8

Profound loss of recent or short-term memory and the ability to learn

Question 9

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 9

Loss of memories from before the date of injury

Question 10

Where is the amygdaloid nucleus located?

Answer 10

Deep to the uncus

Question 11

What is the major afferent modality to the amygdaloid?

Answer 11

Smell

Question 12

What is the major function of the amygdaloid?

Answer 12

• Programs appropriate behavioral/ emotional responses

- Puts affective value on stimuli

Question 13

What happened in animals when the amygdaloid was stimulated?

Answer 13

Became more aggressive

Question 14

What happening in animals when the amygdala was removed?

Answer 14

• Indifferent to stimuli that would have caused fear or sexual responses

Question 15

What are the 3 functions of the central nuclei of the amygdala?

Answer 15

• Mediate emotional response
• Regulate autonomic nervous system
• Shape responses to emotional stimuli

Question 16

What nuclei of the amygdala are the major division that attach emotional significance to stimuli?

Answer 16

• Basolateral nuclei

Question 17

What 3 structures do the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala project to?

Answer 17

• Frontal lobe
• Thalamus
• Temporal lobe

Question 18

What is the function of the cortical nuclei of the amygdala?

Answer 18

• Perception of smell

- Behavioral link to smell

Question 19

What occurs when the septal region of the amygdala is stimulated in conscious patients?

Answer 19

Feelings of:

• Pleasure
• Optimism
• Euphoria
• Happiness

Question 20

What centers are found in the septal region?

Answer 20

Orgasm centers

Question 21

What structure does the septal region of the amygdala connect with in the reward system?

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

What is the main projection of the septal region?

Answer 22

Reticular formation of the brain stem

Question 23

What 2 structures does the cingulate gyrus connect?

Answer 23

The hippocampus and thalamus

Question 24

What is the function of the anterior cingulate cortex in each of the following anatomic areas:

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Dorsal
• Ventral

Answer 24

• Anterior: Executive
• Posterior: Evaluative
• Dorsal: Cognitive
• Ventral: Emotional

Question 25

How is the anterior cingulate cortex related to learning?

Answer 25

``` - Helps focus when effort is needed to learn: Assists in: - Error detection - Anticipation of tasks - Motivation - Modulation of emotional responses ```