Lipids

Question 1

functions of lipids

Answer 1

• long term storage of energy
• used as heat insulators
• can act as shock absorbers

Question 2

three main types

Answer 2

• trigycerides (fats and oils)
• phospholipid (components of the cell membrane)
• steroids (chloestrol, progesterone, estrogen, testoerone)

Question 3

what are triglycerides composed of

Answer 3

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

properties of lipids

Answer 4

• less dense than water(;let animals float)

- non polar

Question 5

What is a saturated fatty acid

Answer 5

ANIMAL SOURCES AND FATS

• if the bond between the carbon atoms are all single (contain as much hydrogen as possible)
• straight molecule

Question 6

what is an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 6

• if the fatty acid contains one or more double bonds
• contains less hydrogen than it could
  PLANT AND OILS SOURCES
• a kinky molecule

Question 7

types of unsaturated

Answer 7

• monounsaturated= single double bond

- polyunsaturated= more than one double bond

Question 8

what are cis-unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 8

when the hydrogen atoms are on the same side with respect to the double bond

Question 9

what are trans-unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 9

WHEN THE HYDROGEN ATOMS ARE ON OPPOSITE SIDES WITH RESPECT TO A DOUBLE BOND

Question 10

properties of cis unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 10

• liquid at room temperature
• cannot line up next to each other
• are slippery; WONT clog arteries

Question 11

properties of trans unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 11

• modification of natural, health oils
• hydrogenation
• similar to saturated; liquid turned solid
• will clog arteries

Question 12

what is hydrogenation

Answer 12

when bonds are removed by adding hydrogen atoms

Question 13

triglycerides

Answer 13

• tri= 3 fat acid chains

- glyceride= glyercol molecule

Question 14

how are triglycerides formed

Answer 14

• through a condensation reaction between a glycerol and three fatty acid chains which result in an ESTER bond

Question 15

give scientific evidence of the health risks for trans fats and saturated fatty acids

Answer 15

• coronary heart disease= when the arteries become blocked due to fatty deposits
• high intake of transfers by patients
• found in patients with more cis unsaturated fatty acids

Question 16

what are phospholipids

Answer 16

• modified tryglycerides that have one fatty acid chain replaced with a phosphate group

Question 17

what are lipids suitable for

Answer 17

long term storage of energy in humans, as they are insoluble in water

Question 18

how to calculate body mass index (BMI)

Answer 18

weight (kg)/(height (m) x height (m))