Proteins

Question 1

monomer of a protein

Answer 1

amino acid

Question 2

roles of proteins

Answer 2

• structural
• catalytic
• signalling
• immunoogical

Question 3

what do amino acids consist of

Answer 3

• carbolxyic group
• amine group
• R group

Question 4

how are dipeptides formed

Answer 4

• thorough a condensation reaction that results in a peptide bond

Question 5

how many amino acids are there

Answer 5

20

Question 6

what is a polypeptide chain

Answer 6

a chain of amino acids joined by a peptide bond

Question 7

what four levels of protein structure exist

Answer 7

primary
secondary
tertiarty
quaternary

Question 8

Primary structre

Answer 8

• a specific sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide chain
• is linear
• peptide bonding

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

• polypeptide chains folds to form ALPHA HELIX and BETA BLEATED SHEET
• hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Qu- alpha helix or beta pleated sheet fold to form compact globule’s (3D form)

• enzymes
• hydrogen, ionic, disulphid bonding between the sulphur and the R group
• hydrophobic and hydrophillic interations

Question 11

Quarternary structure

Answer 11

• 2 or more proteins in tertiary structure bonded together
• e.g. hemoglobin, insulin, collagen, DNA polymerase
• hydrogen bonds
• ionic bonds
• disulphide bonds
• hydrophobic and hydrophyillic interactions

Question 12

what is the amino acid sequence coded by

Answer 12

gene sequence

Question 13

fibrous proteins

Answer 13

• protein in an elgonated shape
• secondary structure
• structural function
• insoluble in water
• less sensitive to changes
• example: collagen, actin, silk, keratin, etc.

Question 14

globular protein

Answer 14

• tertaiaty structure
• enzymatic function
• rounded/spherical
• soluble in water
• senstive to change
  e. g. catalase, haemoglobin, insulin, DNA polymerase

Question 15

what is the proteome

Answer 15

• each individual has a unique proteome
  all of the proteins produced by a cell, tissue or organ
• are not fixed as different cells make different proteins

Question 16

what is denaturation

Answer 16

breaking down of the protein structure due to extreme conditions

Question 17

causes for denaturation

Answer 17

• temperature ( increases kinetic energy and motion)
• pH (also causes damage, each protein has an optimal pH)
• physica interference
• salt concentraitons

Question 18

2 main types of proteins

Answer 18

• fibrous

- globulr