Localisation of Function

Question 1

Localisation of function

Answer 1

The idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific behaviour / certain functions are localised to certain areas in the brain

Question 2

Nervous system

Answer 2

A system of neurons - cells that perform the function of communication in the body

Question 3

2 parts of nervous system

Answer 3

1. Central nervous system - body’s master control unit
2. Peripheral nervous system - body’s link to the outside world

Question 4

2 parts of CNS

Answer 4

1. spinal cord - column of nerves between brain and peripheral nervous system
2. brain - divided into three major parts (hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain)

Question 5

2 parts of PNS

Answer 5

1. Automatic nervous system - regulates involuntary bodily processes subconsciously (heart rate, respiration, digestion etc.)
2. Somatic nervous system - carries sensory info from sensory organs to CNS and relys motor movement commands to muscles (controls voluntary movements)

Question 6

2 parts of automatic nervous system

Answer 6

1. sympathetic nervous system - mobilises bodily resources in response to threat by speeding up heart rate and respiration (draws stored energy)
2. parasympathetic nervous system - replenished bodily resources by promoting digestion and slowing other processes

Question 6

Brain centers (5)

Answer 6

• motor center
• somatosensory center
• visual center
• auditory center
• language centers

Question 7

Motor center (location, function, main areas)

Answer 7

• Frontal lobe (precentral gyrus)
• controls voluntary muscle movements
• main area: primary motor cortex

Question 8

Somatosensory center (location, function, main areas)

Answer 8

• Parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus)
• processes sensory information from the body
• main area: primary somatosensory cortex

Question 9

Visual center (location, function, main areas)

Answer 9

• Occipital lobe
• processes visual information
• main area: primary visual cortex

Question 10

Auditory center (location, function, main areas)

Answer 10

• Temporal lobe
• processes auditory information
• main area: primary auditory cortex

Question 11

Language centers (location, function, main areas)

Answer 11

• Left hemisphere (usually)
• involved in language comprehension and production
• main areas: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area

Question 12

Wernicke’s area

Answer 12

Used for understanding language, allowing individuals to comprehend spoken and written words
* damage: fluent but often nonsensical speech and comprehension issues

Question 13

Broca’s area

Answer 13

Used for producing language, enabling individuals to form coherent sentences
* damage: difficulty in speech productiin - non-fluent, effortful speech

Question 14

Lobes of the brain (4)

Answer 14

• front: frontal lobe
• top middle: parietal lobe
• both sides: temporal lobe
• top back: occipital lobe
• top of nape: cerebellum
  and bellow: brainstem

Question 15

Frontal lobe (function, areas found, psychological perspective)

Answer 15

Role in executive functions such as planning, decision-making and problem-solving
* motor cortex and Broca’s area located here
* psychological perspective: understanding personality, behaviour and social interactions
* influence impulse control and emotional regulation

Question 16

Parietal lobe (function, areas found, psychological perspective)

Answer 16

Processes sensory information from body (touch, temp and pain)
* integral for spatial awareness and navigation
* somatosensory center and cortex are found here
* psychological perspective: exploring concepts related to perception and sensory integration - how people interact with and percieve their surroundings and how these contribute to sensory processing disorders

Question 17

Occipital lobe (function, areas found, psychological perspective)

Answer 17

Visual processing (allows ppl to recognise shapes, colours and movement)
* visual center and cortex found here
* psychological perspective: studying perception, visual memory and conditions

Question 18

Temporal lobe (function, areas found, psychological perspective)

Answer 18

Key for auditor processing involving hearing and language comprehension as well as in memory formation (verbal and visual)
* Auditory center found here as well as Wernicke’s area
* psychological perspective: studying language aquisition, memory processing, emotional responses

Question 19

Limbic system

Answer 19

Compley set of brain structures involved in emotion, motivation, memory and behaviour regulation

Question 20

Amygdala

Answer 20

Plays a role in the formation of emotional memory and fear responses

Question 21

Basal ganglia

Answer 21

Plays a role in habit-forming and procedural memory

Question 22

Hippocampus

Answer 22

Responsible for the transfer of short-term memory to long-term memory

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

Involved in homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and control of the autonomic nervous system (+ controls the pituitary gland)

Question 24

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 24

Plays a role in addiction and motivation

Question 25

Answer 25