London

Question 1

population

Answer 1

9.7 million

Question 2

why is london important

Answer 2

• one of top financial hubs (institutions like Bank of England, London stock Exchange)
• houses government, parliment, monarchy

Question 3

cultural diveristy

Answer 3

• more than 300 languages spoken
• 40% of residents born outside the uk
• 45% white british
• diversity is reflected in food, arts, fashion and music

Question 4

urban form

Answer 4

• multi nodal, several CBDs e.g Canary Wharf, City of London, Stratford

Question 5

what % of greater london is green

Answer 5

47%

Question 6

urban processes in the 19th century

Answer 6

urbanisation
industrial revoultion
jobs in docks + manufacturing

Question 7

urban processes in 1930s

Answer 7

suburbanisation - increased car ownership
growth of metro

Question 8

urban processes in 1980s

Answer 8

counter-urbanisation
migration to comuter towns e.g guilford

Question 9

urban processes today

Answer 9

gentrification
rising house prices
service economy

Question 10

when is london predicted to be a megacity?

Answer 10

2030

Question 11

how many people in London suffer from poverty?

Answer 11

2 million

Question 12

average income in kensington and chelsea

Answer 12

70,000 (double newham)

Question 13

average income in newham

Answer 13

35,000

Question 14

what does economic inequality lead to

Answer 14

education gaps, health inequality, community divide

Question 15

life expectancy in richmond

Answer 15

85

Question 16

life expectancy in B+D

Answer 16

74 (mainly due to illness, obesity and mental health issues)

Question 17

what is the average house price in london vs nationally?

Answer 17

£600,000 in London
£290,000 nationally

Question 18

what are the unemployment rates in chelsea compared to newham?

Answer 18

5%
10%

Question 19

impacts of deindustrialisation in london

Answer 19

large number of job losses
lower qualified residents are unemployed due to service sector jobs requiring higher qualifications

Question 20

major pollutatants in london

Answer 20

NO2
PM2.5 (fine particulate matter)

Question 21

how many deaths are related to long term exposure of air pollution

Answer 21

4000 anually

Question 22

how many tonnes of household waste is produced every year

Answer 22

3.7 million tonnes

Question 23

effect of rising sea levels on london

Answer 23

increasing flood risks from the Thames Estuary, with projections suggesting a 0.5 to 1-metre rise by 2100

Question 24

how many degrees warmer is london compared to surrounding rural areas at night

Answer 24

up to 10 degrees

Question 25

opportunities/pull factors of london

Answer 25

- wide range of industries e.g finance, tech, fashion, healthcare with top employers - salaries higher than UK average - world class unis e.g UCL, LSE, Imperial - extensive public transport systems

Question 26

Role of the london olympic games in 2012

Answer 26

served as a catalyst for regenerating East London's Lower Lea Valley, transforming derelict brownfield land into the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

Question 27

aims of the olympic games regeneration scheme

Answer 27

- create 4000 new homes - create 3000 new jobs - improve transport infastructure - clean up 200ha of contaminated brownfield site + polluted River Lea

Question 28

economic outcomes of olympic games regeneration

Answer 28

- created 46k short term jobs in construction however these were only temporary and low paid - Westfield stratford (one of largest shopping centres) created 10k jobs - improved image attracted investment + tourism however property prices increased

Question 29

social outcomes of olympic games regeneration

Answer 29

- 4000 new homes in East Village (only 31% classed as affordable) - new schools, health centres + community space

Question 30

environmental outcomes of olympic games regeneration

Answer 30

- 95% of materials from browfield sites reused - green roofs + SuDS reduced carbon emmisions - 4000 trees planted - 30,000 tonnes of rubbish cleared

Question 31

how has londons living wage adressed economic challenges

Answer 31

- calculated at an hourly rate - lifted 10K families out of poverty - however not compulsory for every firm

Question 32

how many residents has the Newham Work Place supported into employment

Answer 32

20k

Question 33

ULEZ

Answer 33

- started in 2019 - resstircts non compliant cars - covers 32 bouroughs - cut air pollution by nearly 50%

Question 34

Congestion charging

Answer 34

- started in 2003 - restricts cars at specific times in central london - planned to increase to £18/day - reduced emmisions by 15% in first year

Question 35

how many trees a planted in london a year

Answer 35

around 100k a year

Question 36

other sustainable strategies in london

Answer 36

- pedestrianisation - increase number of E-bikes - targets set to increase green cover by 5% - cataytic converters (fitted to exhausts to remove pollutants) - by 2030, plans to have 0% landfill

Question 37

physical environmental conditions

Answer 37

- some areas are low-lying floodplains - Dense buildings, roads, and limited green space increases UHI - increasing frequency of extreme weather events (heavy rainfall + droughts)