long question (6)

Question 1

what is sanger sequencing and how is it relevant to modern sequencing technology? discuss with examples the impact of next generation sequencing

Question 2

explain what sanger sequencing is

Answer 2

• modify the chemistry of naturally occurring nucleotides
• can’t extend the DNA chain
• DNA sequence is read with 4 reactions for each nucleotide base
• reaction will stop so base letters are read
• gel electrophoresis (black or no band) to read fluorescence at different points
• bands were detected using radioactive labelled nucleotides : health hazard
• not reversible

Question 3

why is it relevant today

Answer 3

• modified sanger sequencing to be reversible
• sequencing by synthesis
• allows to read base letters and reverse the chain termination
• fluorescent chemistry allows for different channels for each base letter which increases efficiency

Question 4

examples that show the impact of next-generation sequencing

Answer 4

• sequencing in public health for viral outbreaks allow for quick and efficient primer design for future vaccines
• human genome project which accelerated human biology information and the practice of medicine
• sequencing patient tumours
• creating personalised therapies & medicines by comprehending patient’s disease and genetic traits
• sequencing by synthesis
• nanopore sequencing to enable rapid access to time-critical information e.g. pathogen identification