Long Term Memory Model

Question 1

Who suggested this model and what date ?

Answer 1

Tulving - 1972

Question 2

What is Procedural memory ?

Answer 2

The memory of how to do things and can retain these memories after you have forgotten being taught. P
E.g. tying shoelaces, writing

Question 3

What is declarative memory?

Answer 3

The memory of meaningful events
E.g. remembering going on a journey but have forgotten how to get there

Question 4

What are the two subcategories of the declarative memory?

Answer 4

Semantic and episodic memory

Question 5

What is episodic memory?

Answer 5

Part of the long term memory responsible for storing information about events from our lives.
These are autobiographical as you have personally experienced it.
E.g. your first day of school

Question 6

Episodic memories seem to be BLANK BLANK which is why they can be triggered by a sight/ sound/ smell

Answer 6

Perceptually encoded

Question 7

AO3 - Clive Wearing (5)

Answer 7

• musician who suffered brain damage from a viral infection
• lost ability to encode new long term memories as he forgets everything new within 30secs
• still has semantic memory as he remembers he loves his wife Deborah
• still has procedural memory as he can still play piano and conduct a choir
• therefore, this shows there are separate stores

Question 8

AO3 - Godden and Baddeley (1974)

Answer 8

• divers who learned words underwater recalled them better underwater than on the surface and vice versa
• this shows memories can be jogged by context cues that remind you of when and where the original memory was encoded
• supports the idea that episodic memories are perceptually encoded

Question 9

AO3 - Baddeley Classic study (1966b)

Answer 9

• participants struggled with word lists linked by a common theme
• semantic similarity confused the LTM
• supports the idea that part of the LTM works semantically

Question 10

AO3 - Tulving case study of K.C. (1981)

Answer 10

• K.C suffered brain damage and lost all episodic memories
• he could still remember things he learnt in books like dates and definitions, therefore his semantic memory was still intact
• evidence for separate semantic and episodic memory stores

Question 11

AO3 - Squire and Zola( 1998)

Answer 11

• children with amnesia never go the chance to acquire a semantic store but adults with amnesia has episodic and semantic memories before brain damage.
• however, both of them did equally as bad on a test of episodic and semantic memory.
• this opposes the LTM model as it suggests that there are two memory functions that are linked or even the same thing