1
Q
What are the actions of Narcotic agonists?
A
- produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense of well being
2
Q
What are the indications of narcotic agonists?
A
- relief of severe acute or chronic pain
- analgesia during anesthesia
3
Q
What is the action of opioid agonists?
A
- relieves pain by binding to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues
4
Q
What are the indications for using opioid agonists?
A
- used to prevent or relieve acute or chronic pain
5
Q
What are some adverse side effects of using opioid agonists?
A
- analgesia, CNS depression, decreased mental and physical activity, respiratory depression, pupil constriction
- N/V, slow motility, constipation, bowel and biliary spasm, urinary retention
6
Q
What is a special consideration with opioid agonists in children?
A
- have another nurse double check your dosages
7
Q
What are the actions of opioid agonists/antagonists?
A
- actor on same pain receptors in the CNS interfering with pain transmission
- lower abuse potential than pure agonists
8
Q
What are the indications for using opioid agonists/ antagonists?
A
- moderate to severe pain
- adjunct to general anesthesia
- relief of pain during labor and delivery
9
Q
What are some adverse effects of using opioid Agonist/ antagonist?
A
- similar to opioid agonists, with more cardiac sxns and hallucinations
- may produce withdrawal symptoms in people with opioid dependence
10
Q
What are the actions of narcotic antagonists?
A
- drugs that bind strongly to opioid receptors, by they do not activate the receptors
- reverse the effect of opioids
11
Q
What are the indications of using narcotic antagonists?
A
- reveres also of the adverse effects of narcotics
- treat narcotic and/ or alcoholic dependence
- work very quickly
12
Q
What are the adverse effects of using narcotic antagonists?
A
- tachycardia
- blood pressure changes
- dysrythmias
13
Q
What are the nursing implications of narcotic antagonists?
A
- observe pt closely as duration of action of some narcotics may be longer than that of reversal agent
- monitor vs
- observe for reversal of analgesia which may be manifested by N and V, sweating, and tachycardia
14
Q
What are the actions of Ergot Alkoids (migraine)?
A
- block alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptor sites in the brain to cause constriction of the cranial nerves
15
Q
What are the indications for using Ergot Alkoids?
A
- abortive therapy for migraines or vascular headaches
16
Q
Why are some adverse effects of taking Ergot Alkoids?
A
- Cardiovascular: dysrhythmias, Brady or tachycardia, hypertension
- Musculoskeletal: pain, numbness, weakness
17
Q
What are some nourishing considerations with Ergot Alkoids?
A
- do not use with children
- do not using in pregnancy or lactation
- do not use with pts with CAD, HTN, PVD
18
Q
What is the action of Triptans?
A
- bind to selective serotonin receptor site to cause vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
19
Q
What are the indications for Triptans?
A
- treatment of acute migrates and are not used for the prevention of migraines
- administer at the onset of headache
20
Q
What are the adverse reactions of Triptans?
A
- cardiac: alterations in BP, chest pain, shock
- CNS: dizziness vertigo,headache, anxiety and fatigue
21
Q
What are some nursing considerations for using Triptans?
A
- do not use pregnancy
- caution in women with lactation
- caution in pts with renal and hepatic impairment
- caution using in elderly pts
22
Q
What are some uses for NSAIDS?
A
- treat mild to moderate pain
- may be used to lower body temp
- many of them are OTC
- many of them are Anti- inflammatory
23
Q
What are the actions of Salicylates (aspirin)?
A
- acts both centrally and peripherally to block the transmission of pain (block prostaglandins)
- Anti- pyretic
- diminish inflammation
- suppress platelet aggregriation
24
Q
What is a huge warning with children and Salicylates (aspirin)?
A
- because children can get Reyes syndrome
25
What are some sxn of aspirin toxicity?
- tinnitus, blurred vision, GI distress, renal and respiratory failure
26
What is the action of NSAIDS (Advil)?
- blocks prostaglandin synthesis and inhibits inflammation
27
What are the indications of NSAIDS?
- mild to moderate pain
- dysmenorrhea
- RA and osteoarthritis
- reduces fever
28
Are NSAIDS safe for children?
- yes over 6 months
29
What is one thing to watch for in NSAIDs?
- real impairment
30
Should the parenteral NSAIDs used for long term or short term use?
Short term
31
What group or type of people are parenteral NSAIDs good for?
- addicted pts
32
What is the BBW for parenteral NSAIDs?
- GI irritation, renal damage, ulceration and bleeding and perforation, cardiac events
33
What are things to teach pts taking NSAIDs?
- take any of these with food to reduce gastric irritation
- ok to use during pregnancy
- r port side effects
- watch for black stools
34
What are some contraindications of using NSAIDs?
- GI or other bleeding disorders
- impaired renal fxn
- chronic alcohol abuse
- hx of Cardiovascular events
35
What are the actions of Nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?
- cast directly on the thermoregulatory cells of the hypothalamus
36
What are the indications of nonnaractic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?
- used to treat pain and fever
- treat pain and fever associated with a variety of conditions
- relief of musculoskeletal pain
37
What does nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen) lack?
- Anti-inflammatory activity
| - does not cause nausea, vomiting, Gi bleeding, or interfere with blood clotting
38
What are adverse reactions of nonnarcotics analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?
- headache, hemolytic anemia, renal dysfunction, skin rash, fever
- heatotoxicity
39
What are some nursing considerations/ pt teaching with nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?
- effective for treating mild to moderate pain
- reduces fever in children and adults
- DO NOT EXCEED 4 grams in 24 hours (for alcoholics it is no more than 2 grams in 24 hours)
- effective for pain and fever but not inflammations
40
What is the action of Mitotic agents (Anti- gout)?
- may interfere with WBC migration to affected area decreasing inflammatory r poise to irate crystals
41
What is the indication for Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?
- to prevent gout attacks
42
What are some side effects of Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?
- leukopenia, N/V, diarrhea, GI pain, anemia, alopecia, bone marrow depression, hepatotoxicity
43
What are some nursing considerations for Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?
- watch blood counts
| - watch for GI complaints
44
What are the actions of Uricosuric agents (anti- gout)?
- inhibits the enzyme responsible for uric acid
45
What are the side effects of using Urcosuric agents (anti- gout)?
- drowsiness, headache, vertigo, rashes, liver toxicity, N/V, diarrhea, pain
- agranulocytosis, anemia, bone marrow depression
46
What are a nursing considerations/ pt teaching with Uricosuric agents (anti- gout)?
- many drug interactions
47
What are actions of skeletal muscle relaxants (Flexeril)?
- reduce skeletal muscle spasm by depressing CNS producing relaxation at brain stem and spinal cord
48
What are some adverse effects of using muscle relaxants (Flexeril)?
- drowsiness, dizziness, and anti- cholinergic effects
49
What are some things to be cautious about when using muscle relaxants?
- cardiac conditions, urinary retention, glaucoma, hepatic impairment
