Which lung has more volume - left or right?
right - 25% larger
A pulmonary lesion up to _____ (size/diameter) is termed a nodule; above this value is a mass.
3cm
A pulmonary mass with an alveolar pattern is suggestive of which type of growth - expansile or infiltrative?
Infiltrative; expansile masses deviate/displace bronchi rather than growing around them.
In which species is central mineralisation of primary lung neoplasia common?
Cats
How does pulmonary involvement of lymphoma differ between cats and dogs?
In cats, radiographs are usually not sensitive / could be normal.
In dogs, it’s more common to see diffuse disease (nodules would be rare).
How do typical metastatic pulmonary nodules differ between cats and dogs?
Less defined and variably-shaped in cats.
More classic, well-defined round shapes in dogs.
In lung-digit syndrome, what is the primary neoplasia?
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma, pulmonary SCC, bronchogenic carcinoma
Can dogs get lung-digit syndrome?
Not reported; lung tumours can metastasize to the humerus and femur.
What are the most prevalent digit tumours in dogs?
SCC and subungual melanoma. Melanoma has a high rate of pulmonary metastasis.
What should be suspected here in a 10y cat - this is the cranial lung?
Pulmonary neoplasia; mineralisation of tumours is common in cats.
How would differentials differ for this appearance in a dog vs. a cat?
This is a dog with subungual melanoma; another very common differential is SCC. Chest rads should be taken as metastatic disease is common in melanoma.
In a cat, a top differential for this digit should be a metastatic lesion from a primary pulmonary neoplasia (rather than a primary digital neoplasia, like in a dog).
Pulmonary abscesses are commonly associated with pleural effusion - true or false?
False
This is a typical appearance of what type of pulmonary lesion?
Abscess; thick wall with irregular inner luminal surface highlighted due to presence of central gas. Adjacent lobe affected by pneumonia.
Granulomas have poorly defined margins when active, and well-defined margins when resolving - true or false?
True
Which cause of pulmonary granuloma would commonly result in cavitation?
Lung fluke (paragonimiasis)
Mineralisation of pulmonary granulomas could suggest which etiology?
Histoplasmosis
Which granuloma etiology would typically have absent tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy?
A. Parasitic e.g. lung fluke
B. Foreign body e.g. grass seed
C. Fungal e.g. histoplasmosis
D. Immune-mediated e.g. PIE
B. Foreign body e.g. grass seed
Without relevant history or other findings, how could you differentiate a hematoma from another type of pulmonary lesion?
Re-radiograph / follow-up with a few days - should decrease in size.
CT-guided biopsies of lung lesions with aerated peripheral lung commonly result in haemorrhage and pneumothorax - true or false?
True, but usually not clinically significant.
What size does a pulmonary soft tissue nodule have to be to be detected on radiographs?
3-5mm
on CT - 1mm, less with hi-res
What is a miliary nodular pattern?
lots of very small nodules 2-3mm diameter
Which type of neoplasia (cell lineage) would typically produce a lot of small, ill-defined nodules (instead of fewer, well-defined nodules)?
Epithelial/lymphatically-spread neoplasia
However HSA for example, more commonly doesn’t follow this rule and produces ill-defined, coalescing smaller nodules.
What is a ditzel?
Small pulmonary nodule with unknown relevance
Metastases are typically located where?
Peripherally, subpleural
