CCNA > M1.15 Application Layer > Flashcards

M1.15 Application Layer Flashcards

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1
Q

Which OSI layer is closest to the end user and provides an interface to the network?

A

The Application Layer

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2
Q

What is the purpose of application layer protocols?

A

To exchange data between programs running on the source and destination hosts

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3
Q

How do the top three OSI layers map to the TCP/IP model?

A

Their functions are combined into the single TCP/IP Application Layer

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4
Q

Which three OSI layers define the functions of the single TCP/IP application layer?

A

Application Presentation and Session

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5
Q

What is the first of three primary functions of the Presentation Layer?

A

Formatting data into a compatible format for the destination device

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6
Q

What is the second of three primary functions of the Presentation Layer?

A

Compressing data

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7
Q

What is the third of three primary functions of the Presentation Layer?

A

Encrypting data for transmission and decrypting data upon receipt

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8
Q

Which layer sets the standards for file formats such as JPG and MOV?

A

The Presentation Layer

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9
Q

Name the 6 file formats of the presentation layer.

A
  • Matroska Video (MKV)
  • Motion Pictures Exper Group (MPG)
  • Quick Time (MOV)
  • Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
  • Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG)
  • Portable Nerwork Graphics (PNG)
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10
Q

What is the primary function of the Session Layer?

A

To create and maintain dialogs between source and destination applications

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11
Q

What specific tasks does the Session Layer handle for dialogs?

A
  • Initiating dialogs
  • keeping them active
  • restarting disrupted sessions
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12
Q

In the client-server model what is the device requesting information called?

A

A client

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13
Q

In the client-server model what is the device responding to a request called?

A

A server

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14
Q

What term describes data transfer from a client to a server?

A

Upload

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15
Q

What term describes data transfer from a server to a client?

A

Download

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16
Q

In a P2P network what dual role can every connected peer function as?

A

Both a server and a client

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the P2P networking model?

A

P2P networks and P2P applications

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18
Q

What is a P2P network?

A

Two or more computers connected to share resources without a dedicated server

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19
Q

What does a P2P application allow a device to act as within the same communication?

A

Both a client and a server

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20
Q

What is a hybrid P2P system?

A

A system where resource sharing is decentralized but indexes are on a central server

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21
Q

In a hybrid P2P system how does a peer find a resource?

A

It accesses an index server to get the location

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22
Q

What technology uses a ‘swarm’ to allow clients to download file pieces from multiple users simultaneously?

A

BitTorrent

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23
Q

What file do BitTorrent clients use to locate other users and tracker computers?

A

A torrent file

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24
Q

What is the Gnutella protocol used for?

A

P2P applications where users share whole files with other users

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25
In a peer-to-peer exchange are the two devices considered equal or unequal in the communication process?
Equal
26
Name a common P2P application that uses the BitTorrent technology.
uTorrent or Deluge or qBittorrent
27
What is the first part of a URL like http://www.cisco.com/index.html?
The protocol or scheme such as http
28
What is the second part of a URL like http://www.cisco.com/index.html?
The server name such as www.cisco.com/
29
What is the third part of a URL like http://www.cisco.com/index.html?
The specific filename such as index.html
30
What is the function of an HTTP GET message?
A client request for data such as an HTML page
31
What is the function of an HTTP POST message?
To upload data files such as form data to the web server
32
What is the function of an HTTP PUT message?
To upload data files to the web server
33
Why is HTTP considered an insecure protocol?
Messages are sent in plaintext and can be intercepted and read
34
What protocol provides secure communication by using authentication and encryption?
HTTP Secure HTTPS
35
What two encryption protocols are used by HTTPS to encrypt the data stream?
Transport Layer Security TLS or Secure Socket Layer SSL
36
Does HTTPS use the same client request-server response process as HTTP?
Yes but the data stream is encrypted
37
Which protocol do email clients use to send mail to a mail server?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP
38
What TCP port does SMTP use?
Port 25
39
What must an SMTP message header contain?
A recipient email address and a sender address
40
What does an SMTP server do if the destination server is offline or busy?
It spools messages to be sent at a later time
41
Which two protocols are used by a client to retrieve email from a mail server?
Post Office Protocol POP and Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP
42
What TCP port does Post Office Protocol POP use?
Port 110
43
What is the default behavior of POP after downloading mail to the client?
It deletes the mail on the server
44
Because POP deletes messages from the server is it recommended for businesses needing a centralized backup?
No
45
Which version of Post Office Protocol is most commonly used?
POP3
46
What TCP port does Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP use?
Port 143
47
How does IMAP handle messages on the server?
It keeps original messages on the server until they are manually deleted
48
When using IMAP what are users viewing on their client application?
Copies of the messages stored on the server
49
Which email retrieval protocol allows users to create a file hierarchy on the server to organize mail?
IMAP
50
Which email retrieval protocol maintains a centralized message store on the server?
IMAP
51
Which protocol sends email and which two retrieve it?
SMTP sends mail; POP and IMAP retrieve it
52
What is the primary function of the Domain Name System DNS?
To translate domain names into their corresponding IP addresses
53
What is a fully-qualified domain name FQDN?
A name such as www.cisco.com that is easier for people to remember than a numeric IP address
54
What ports does the DNS protocol use?
TCP and UDP port 53
55
What information does a DNS 'A' resource record contain?
An end device's IPv4 address
56
What information does a DNS 'AAAA' resource record contain?
An end device's IPv6 address
57
What information does a DNS 'NS' resource record contain?
An authoritative name server
58
What information does a DNS 'MX' resource record contain?
A mail exchange record
59
In the DNS resolution process what does a server first check to resolve a name?
Its own records
60
If a DNS server cannot resolve a name from its own records what does it do next?
It contacts other servers to resolve the name
61
How does the DNS protocol create its scalable database for name resolution?
It uses a hierarchical system of domain names
62
What does the .com top-level domain typically represent?
A business or industry
63
What does the .org top-level domain typically represent?
A non-profit organization
64
What command-line utility allows a user to manually query name servers to resolve a host name?
nslookup
65
What command on a Windows PC displays all of the cached DNS entries?
ipconfig /displaydns
66
What is the first step a DNS client takes to resolve a name?
It sends a DNS query to its designated DNS server
67
What service automates the assignment of IPv4 addresses subnet masks and gateways?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP
68
What is the alternative to dynamic addressing where an administrator manually enters IP address information?
Static addressing
69
What is the first message in the 4-step DHCPv4 process broadcast by a client?
DHCPDISCOVER
70
What message does a DHCP server send to a client offering an IP address?
DHCPOFFER
71
What message does a client send to accept a specific DHCP server's offer?
DHCPREQUEST
72
What is the final message a DHCP server sends to confirm a lease is finalized?
DHCPACK
73
What is the configurable time period for which a DHCP address is assigned called?
A lease period
74
What message can a client send to a DHCP server to relinquish its lease?
DHCPRELEASE
75
What UDP port does a DHCP server use to listen for requests?
Port 67
76
What UDP port does a DHCP client use to send requests?
Port 68
77
What message does a DHCP server send if a client's requested lease offer is no longer valid?
DHCP negative acknowledgment DHCPNAK
78
What is a key service DHCPv6 does NOT provide that DHCPv4 does?
The default gateway address
79
What DHCPv6 message is sent by a client to locate a DHCPv6 server?
SOLICIT
80
What DHCPv6 message is sent by a server to a client to offer addressing information?
ADVERTISE
81
For which type of device is static addressing preferred over DHCP?
Network devices such as servers routers and printers
82
What protocol was developed to allow for data transfers between a client and a server?
File Transfer Protocol FTP
83
Which TCP port does FTP use for control traffic such as client commands and server replies?
Port 21
84
Which TCP port does FTP use for the actual data transfer?
Port 20
85
How is FTP described in terms of reliability?
It is a reliable connection-oriented and acknowledged protocol
86
What protocol is a simple connectionless alternative to FTP that uses UDP port 69?
Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP
87
How is TFTP's delivery described?
Best-effort and unacknowledged
88
Which file transfer protocol uses less overhead FTP or TFTP?
TFTP
89
What is Server Message Block SMB?
A client/server file sharing protocol for shared network resources
90
What are three types of resources that can be shared using SMB?
Directories files printers
91
How does the connection duration of SMB differ from FTP?
SMB clients establish a long-term connection to servers
92
After an SMB connection is established how can a client user access server resources?
As if the resource is local to the client host
93
What naming system do modern Microsoft products use to support SMB resource sharing?
DNS naming
94
What protocol allows LINUX UNIX and Apple macOS to share files on Microsoft networks?
SAMBA which is a version of SMB
95
What are the two directions of data transfer in FTP?
The client can download data from the server or upload data to the server
96
Is SMB a request-response protocol?
Yes
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