Macronutrients

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Promote bacterial growth in the oral cavity resulting in the demineralization of the enamel. Any fermentable carbohydrate that can lower the salivary pH to 5.5 is considered cariogenic.

Question 2

Fats

Answer 2

Fats may lubricate tooth surface and prevent demineralization
Dietary fat delays gastric emptying, enhancing fluoride absorption
Inhibits streptococcal growth

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Simplest carbohydrate
Absorbed without further digestion
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 4

Disaccharides

Answer 4

2 monosaccharides combined. Cannot be metabolized by the body, hydorlyzed during digestion into monosaccharides.
Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

More than 10 monosaccharides
Plays a role in energy storage and are digestible by enzymes.
Starch: grains, legumes, and potatoes
Fiber
Double: help regulate blood sugar
Insoluble: promotes bowel movements, reducing contact w/ carcinogens

Question 6

Physiological roles of CHO

Answer 6

Provides energy
Sole source of energy for the RBCs, brain (CNS), and lens of the eye
Required for oxidation of fats
Required for components needed for development of collagen and nervous tissue

Question 7

Carbohydrate digestion and Absorption

Answer 7

Starts in the mouth then the stomach and then the small intestine.