Maintenance fluids

Question 1

Give 2 examples of when maintenance IV fluids are necessary

Answer 1

While nil by mouth waiting for surgery
Bowel obstruction

Question 2

How many mmol/kg/ day of sodium, potassium and chloride is needed in an adult?

Answer 2

1 mmol/kg/day

Question 3

How many grams of glucose are needed per day to prevent ketosis in an adult?

Answer 3

50-100g

Question 4

Crystalloids are solution of ____ _______ in water eg…

Answer 4

small molecules
eg sodium chloride, Hartmann’s dextrose)

Question 5

Colloids are solutions of ______ _____ _____ eg…

Answer 5

larger organic molecules
eg albumin, Gelofusine

Question 6

How many ml/kg/day of water are recommended in adults?

Answer 6

25-30 ml/kg/day

Question 7

When prescribing routine maintenance fluids to obese patients, the prescription should be adjusted to…

Answer 7

Their ideal body weight (eg. use 25ml rather than 30ml/kg/day)

Question 8

For children over 28 days old, how many ml/kg/day are given for the first 10kg of weight?

Answer 8

100 ml/kg/day

Question 9

For children over 28 days old, how many ml/kg/day are given for the second10kg of weight?

Answer 9

50 ml/kg/day

Question 10

For children over 28 days old, how many ml/kg/day are given for any weight over 20kg?

Answer 10

20 ml/kg/day

Question 11

How would you calculate the rate of maintenance fluid?

Answer 11

Calculate total fluid needed to be given over the day
Divide by 24 to get ml/hour