Faulkner et al JAVMA 2025-
What was the rate of serious complications following cryptorchid neuter?
What is the most common complication?
When were these complications most like to occur?
Risk factors associated with complications?
38/202 (19%)
Trauma to the prostate (50%) was the most reported serious complication- followed by GI signs and urinary tract trauma
A complication was more likely if a paramedian skin incision was performed (OR 4x) compared to a parapreputial incision, as well as if a paramedian abdominal incision was performed compared to a ventral midline incision (OR 3.4x)
Primary risk factors identified with development of complications included skin incision location and abdominal wall incision location
Neumann et al JVIM 2024-
What was the most common type of urethral diverticula in male dogs?
What was the most common locations?
Did dogs respond to artificial urethral sphincter placement?
Saccular
7/8 prostatic (88%) and 1/8 membranous urethra (12%)
Improvement in continence seen in all dogs
Urlings et al VRU 2024-
What were the CT features of canine prostatic carcinoma?
Most consistent prostatic features:
- Post-contrast heterogeneity with hypoattenuating, non-enhancing areas (100%)
- Capsular distortion (29/30; 97%)
- Mineralization (24/30; 80%)
Other features:
- Prostatic urethral effacement, displacement, or invasion (28/30; 93%)
Pre-contrast heterogeneity 27/30 (90%)
Ritson et al JSAP 2023-
What were the most common indications for partial penile amputation?
What dogs have an increased risk of major PO complications?
What was the minor complication rate?
- Preputial neoplasia MCT (5; 50%)
- Idiopathic paraphimosis (3; 30%)
- Penile neoplasia SCC (1; 10%)
- Chronic urethritis (1; 10%)
- 2/3 dogs (66%) treated for paraphimosis had major postoperative complications (20%) requiring further resection of the tip of the penis at 2 weeks and 24 months
- 4/10 (40%) had minor complications without surgical intervention
Nye et al JAVMA 2020-
What was the difference between sternal and dorsal PU’s in terms of :
Surgery time?
Anesthesia time?
PO complication rate?
- No difference in surgery time
- No difference in anesthetic time even in the 3.7% of cases that needed to be repositioned for cystotomy
- The overall short-term and long-term complication rates were 47% (113/239) and 27% (65/239)
- Recurrence of FLUTD signs and hematuria were most common short-term complications
- UTI and hematuria were most common long-term complications
- Urethral stricture was a long-term complication in 2.5% of cats
- Found that simple continuous suture pattern was associated with FLUTD recurrence and hematuria compared to a simple interrupted pattern- Also found that absorbable suture was associated with FLUTD and UTI’s versus nonabsorbable suture.
Healy et al JSAP 2024-
What was the difference between urethropexy, ureteral R&A, or combined in the tx of urethral prolapse:
Complication rate?
Recurrence rate?
Minor complications (52%)- pexy 43% vs R&A 67% vs combo 50%
Recurrence rate (27%)- pexy 39% vs R&A 11% vs combo 12.5%
*** Recurrence of a urethral prolapse was significantly more likely following urethropexy in comparison to R&A
Bresciani et al Vet Surg 2021-
Where was urethral pathology localized to prior to modified prepubic urethrostomy with body wall tunneling in male cats?
What complications occurred?
- Level of the ischial arch
- 100% urine scalding and mild incontinence when laying down (self-limiting)
*** Isolate urethra, made tunnel through midbody of the rectus abdominus, spatulate distal urethra
David et al Vet Surg 2023-
What was the success rate of using a pre-preputial SILS port for cryptorchid removal?
Major complication rate?
- 13/14 (93%)- The one dog had testicular artery hemorrhage that required conversion to an open approach
- 7% (testicular arterial hemorrhage)
NOTE:
Abdominal cryptorchidism puts the patient at health risks because of the increased risk of neoplastic transformation (up to 13.6 times more likely) and the increased risk of testicular torsion
David et al JFMS 2023-
Comparing transpelvic PU and subpubic PU revision surgeries in cats that previously underwent traditional PU:
Which had the longest residual urethral length?
Which had the largest urethral orifice?
- TPU was 1.5 x longer residual urethral length then SPU
(reduction of natural urethral length- PU 24%, TPU 36%, SPU 56%) - No difference between all 3
** Both TPU and SPU are possible revision surgeries following PU
** As TPU preserved a significantly longer urethral length and requires less tissue dissection, the risk of urinary tract infections, urinary dermatitis and urinary incontinence might be less following TPU than SPU
Del Magno et al Vet Surg 2021-
What was the recommended treatment for sterile prostatic cysts?
Resolution rate?
What intra-op complications occurred?
Mortality rate?
Recurrence rate?
- Complete or partial resection and omentalization
- 89% resolved (39/44)
- Urine leakage from the prostatic urethra due to urethral tear
- Overall 4/44 (9%) –>
3/44 (7%; 3 experienced PO AKI) had postoperatively complications resulting in death of the patient; 1/44 (2%) was euthanized 18 months post-op due to suspected recurrence - 4.5% of extraparenchymal treated with partial resection
Yipapanis et al Vet Surg 2021-
What was the maximum mean cranial translation of the prepuce after their modifications?
15 mm- Traditional technique
25 mm- Releasing the skin caudal to the prepuce
37mm- Releasing the attachment of the lamina interna of penis
Yippaditr et al JAVMA 2022-
What graft technique was described to treat male cats with traumatic complete urethral rupture?
Buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty
Surgical procedure:
** Buccal mucosa harvested (1 cm x 2 cm) -> formed into tubule around 8F red rubber -> anastomose between ruptured urethral ends
** U- cath left in placed until absence of leakage confirmed on positive contrast study
- 13/15 cats (87%) recovered well, no leakage/stricture
- 2/15 cats (13%) developed urethral stricture and underwent second surgery with success
- 1/15 cat (7%) had incontinence
- Owners delighted (14) or pleased (1)
