The water column itself, divided into the neritic zone (over the continental shelf) and the oceanic zone
(deeper water).
Pelagic Zone (Open Ocean)
The ocean bottom,
including shallow sandy shores and deep
abyssal plains.
Benthic Zone (Sea Floor)
The area between high and
low tide, where organisms adapt to alternating exposure to air and water.
Intertidal Zone
The euphotic
zone allows photosynthesis (top 200m), while
the aphotic zone is dark and relies on falling
organic matter or chemosynthesis.
Photics vs. Aphotic Zones: