Representative
It refers to the quality of sample data that accurately reflects the characteristics and variability of the larger population from which it is drawn
Population
individuals, items, or events that share common characteristics and are of interest to the researcher.
Target Population
Is a group of individuals with some common defining characteristics
Sample Size
It is the number of observations or individuals included in a study or survey.
Unit Analysis
It refers to the examination and interpretation of data at the individual level or unit level.
Sample
It refers to a subset or smaller group of individuals, items, or events that are selected from a larger population of interest. It is a representative
Sampling Error
It is representative of portion data and makes inferences about the population.
Confidence Interval
It is a statistical range that provides an estimate of the possible values for an unknown population perimeter.
Confidence Level
It refers to the degree of confidence or probability that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter.
Sampling Techniques
These are various methods used to select a subset of individuals or items from a larger population
Probability Sampling
It involves random selection techniques to ensure that every individual or element in the population has a fair chance of being chosen
Simple Random Sampling
The selection is completely random.
“has an equal chance of being selected,”
Lottery Method
Assign a unique identifier or number to each individual or element in the population. Then, use a random generator or draw names from a hat to select the desired number of samples.
Random Number Table:
Use a random number table or a random number generator to generate a sequence of random numbers. Assign each individual or element in the population a number, and select the samples based on the random numbers
Random Sampling Software
Utilize computer software specifically designed for random sampling. These programs can generate random samples from a given population by using various algorithms and techniques.
Random Digit Dialing:
If the population involves phone numbers, random digit dialing can be used. Randomly generate telephone numbers and call them to select individuals for the sample.
Systematic Random Sampling
are selected at regular intervals using a predetermined pattern
example A researcher is doing a research work on the students’ reaction to the newly implemented curriculum in mathematics and interviewed every 5th student entering the gate of the school.
Since we see an interval (every 5th student), it is systematic!
Stratified Random Sampling
is a sampling method that involves dividing a population into distinct subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or attributes.
Cluster Sampling
divided into clusters or groups, and a random selection of clusters is chosen to form the sample.
Non-Probability Sampling
without the use of random selection. The participants are selected based on subjective judgement or convenience.
Convenience Sampling
participants are selected based on their easy accessibility or convenience
Quota Sampling
choose a certain number of participants from different groups or categories to make sure each group is represented in the sample.
