MCQ- ETHICS Flashcards by Dr. Kim Sefuentes

The Latin term juris prudentia, from which the word jurisprudence is derived, means:
A. “The rule of law”
B. “The study, knowledge, or science of law”
C. “Law and morality”
D. “The practice of legal ethics”

B. “The study, knowledge, or science of law”
Explanation: Juris prudentia translates directly to “the study, knowledge, or science of law” in Latin, emphasizing the academic and philosophical study of legal systems.

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Which aspect of legal philosophy focuses on answering abstract questions like “What is law?”
A. Comparative jurisprudence
B. Historical jurisprudence
C. Analytical jurisprudence
D. Sociological jurisprudence

Answer: C. Analytical jurisprudence
Explanation: Analytical jurisprudence is concerned with fundamental, abstract questions about the nature of law itself, rather than its application or history.

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If an optometrist disagrees with the Board of Optometry’s decision on an ethics violation, the appeal should be made to:
A. Court of Appeals
B. Supreme Court
C. Office of the President through the PRC Commissioner
D. Department of Justice

Answer: C. Office of the President through the PRC Commissioner
Explanation: Appeals from administrative decisions on ethics violations are elevated to the Office of the President via the PRC Commissioner, not directly to the courts.

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Who has jurisdiction over administrative cases involving violations of the Code of Ethics for optometrists?
A. Courts of Law
B. Board of Optometry, PRC
C. Optometric societies
D. Court of Appeals

B. Board of Optometry, PRC
Explanation: The Professional Regulation Commission’s Board of Optometry is responsible for handling administrative ethics cases.

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Which governmental power allows the legislature to make laws for public welfare as long as they are constitutional?
A. Civil authority
B. Judicial review
C. Police power
D. Public opinion law

C. Police power
Explanation: Police power is the authority to enact laws for the protection of health, safety, morals, and welfare without violating the Constitution.

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Which school insists that moral philosophy, religion, human reason, and conscience are integral to law?
A. Legal realism
B. Natural law
C. Positivism
D. Formalism

B. Natural law
Explanation: Natural law theory holds that true legal systems must include moral and ethical principles as part of their foundation.

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Which school argues law is separate from morality and only comes from enacted rules?
A. Natural law
B. Legal realism
C. Formalism
D. Positivism

Answer: D. Positivism
Explanation: Positivists maintain that law consists solely of rules formally enacted by authorities, independent of moral content.

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Which school believes judges often balance interests and draw arbitrary lines in hard cases?
A. Natural law
B. Formalism
C. Legal realism
D. Positivism

C. Legal realism
Explanation: Legal realism emphasizes that in difficult cases, judges make decisions based on balancing interests and practical considerations.

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Which school of jurisprudence treats law like mathematics or science?
A. Positivism
B. Legal realism
C. Formalism (Conceptualism)
D. Natural law

C. Formalism (Conceptualism)
Explanation: Formalism views law as a logically consistent system, where correct decisions can be derived much like solving mathematical problems.

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Which aspect of jurisprudence compares law with literature, economics, religion, and social sciences?
A. Comparative jurisprudence
B. Interdisciplinary jurisprudence
C. Sociological jurisprudence
D. Cross-cultural jurisprudence

A. Comparative jurisprudence
Explanation: Comparative jurisprudence examines similarities and differences between law and other fields of knowledge.

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Which school of jurisprudence treats law like mathematics or science?
A. Positivism
B. Legal realism
C. Formalism (Conceptualism)
D. Natural law

C. Formalism (Conceptualism)
Explanation: Formalism views law as a logically consistent system, where correct decisions can be derived much like solving mathematical problems.

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Who has jurisdiction over administrative cases involving violations of the Code of Ethics for optometrists?
A. Courts of Law
B. Board of Optometry, PRC
C. Optometric societies
D. Court of Appeals

B. Board of Optometry, PRC
Explanation: The Professional Regulation Commission’s Board of Optometry is responsible for handling administrative ethics cases.

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Which organization was formed in 1948 as part of professional regulation in the Philippines?
A. Professional Regulation Commission
B. Philippine Association of Board Examiners, Inc. (PABE)
C. Office of the Board of Examiners
D. Bureau of Civil Service

Answer: B. Philippine Association of Board Examiners, Inc. (PABE)
Explanation: The PABE was organized in 1948 to oversee professional licensure examinations before the creation of the PRC.

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Republic Act No. 4007, enacted on June 17, 1950, created which office?
A. Professional Regulation Commission
B. Bureau of Professional Licensing
C. Office of the Board of Examiners
D. National Licensure Council

C. Office of the Board of Examiners
Explanation: RA 4007 established the Office of the Board of Examiners, with the Commissioner of Civil Service as its executive officer.

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Which law created the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in 1973?
A. RA 4007
B. Presidential Decree No. 223
C. Presidential Decree No. 657
D. Republic Act No. 8981

Answer: B. Presidential Decree No. 223
Explanation: PD 223, enacted on June 22, 1973, created the PRC and outlined its powers and functions.

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Presidential Decree No. 223 was later amended by which decree?
A. PD 118
B. PD 657
C. PD 1276
D. PD 4007

Answer: B. PD 657
Explanation: PD 657 amended PD 223, further defining the PRC’s powers and responsibilities.

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The supervision of professional regulatory boards was transferred from the Bureau of Civil Service to the PRC through which law?
A. RA 8981
B. PD 223
C. RA 4007
D. Proclamation No. 118

B. PD 223
Explanation: PD 223 shifted control from the Bureau of Civil Service to the newly established PRC.

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Proclamation No. 1276, issued on June 14, 1974, declared which celebration?
A. Professional Regulation Week
B. Professional Consciousness Week
C. Civil Service Awareness Week
D. Licensure Awareness Week

B. Professional Consciousness Week
Explanation: Proclamation No. 1276 designated June 22–29, 1974, as Professional Consciousness Week.

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Proclamation No. 118, issued on June 4, 1987 by President Corazon Aquino, declared June 16–22 of every year as:
A. Professional Awareness Week
B. Professional Regulation Week
C. Licensure Examination Week
D. Professionalism Week

B. Professional Regulation Week
Explanation: Proclamation No. 118 established an annual Professional Regulation Week to promote awareness among professionals.

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In 1977, registration cards for professionals were made valid for how long?
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 5 years

C. 3 years
Explanation: The 1977 policy change extended the validity of professional registration cards to three years.

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Which law, signed on December 5, 2000, is known as the PRC Modernization Act?
A. RA 4007
B. RA 8981
C. PD 223
D. PD 657

Answer: B. RA 8981
Explanation: Republic Act No. 8981, also known as the PRC Modernization Act, modernized and streamlined PRC operations under President Joseph Estrada.

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In 1977, registration cards for professionals were made valid for how long?
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 5 years

C. 3 years
Explanation: The 1977 policy change extended the validity of professional registration cards to three years.

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Which organization was formed in 1948 as part of professional regulation in the Philippines? A. Professional Regulation Commission B. Philippine Association of Board Examiners, Inc. (PABE) C. Office of the Board of Examiners D. Bureau of Civil Service

Answer: B. Philippine Association of Board Examiners, Inc. (PABE) Explanation: The PABE was organized in 1948 to oversee professional licensure examinations before the creation of the PRC.

The PRC Modernization Act of 2000 is officially known as: A. RA 4007 B. RA 8981 C. PD 223 D. PD 657

Answer: B. RA 8981 Explanation: Republic Act No. 8981 modernized the PRC, repealing PD 223, and is known as the PRC Modernization Act of 2000.

RA 8981 repealed which law? A. RA 4007 B. PD 223 C. PD 657 D. PD 118

Answer: B. PD 223 Explanation: PD 223, which originally created the PRC, was repealed by RA 8981 to allow for modernization and reorganization.

Under RA 8981, the PRC is attached to which office for general direction and coordination? A. Department of Education B. Office of the President C. Department of Justice D. Civil Service Commission

B. Office of the President Explanation: The PRC operates under the general direction and coordination of the Office of the President.

How many members compose the PRC under RA 8981? A. Two commissioners B. One chairperson and one commissioner C. One chairperson and two commissioners D. Three commissioners without a chairperson

C. One chairperson and two commissioners Explanation: The PRC is a three-member body consisting of one full-time chairperson and two full-time commissioners.

Who appoints the PRC chairperson and commissioners? A. The PRC Board of Governors B. The Senate C. The President of the Philippines D. The Civil Service Commission

Answer: C. The President of the Philippines Explanation: The President appoints the PRC’s chairperson and commissioners.

What is the term of office for the PRC chairperson and commissioners under RA 8981? A. Five years without reappointment B. Six years with one reappointment C. Seven years without reappointment D. Seven years with reappointment

C. Seven years without reappointment Explanation: The term is fixed at seven years, and reappointment is not allowed

Which is NOT a qualification for PRC chairperson or commissioner under RA 8981? A. At least 40 years of age B. Holder of a valid certificate of registration or license C. Must be a lawyer by profession D. Holder of a valid professional identification card or certificate of competency

Answer: C. Must be a lawyer by profession Explanation: Being a lawyer is not a requirement; the qualifications focus on age, professional registration, and valid licensing.

Under RA 8981, the PRC chairperson and commissioners exercise their powers: A. Separately, each acting independently B. Jointly, sitting and acting as a body C. Through the Department of Labor D. Only upon approval by the Court of Appeals

Answer: B. Jointly, sitting and acting as a body Explanation: The PRC members act collectively as a body to carry out administrative, executive, and policy-making functions

Who serves as the presiding and chief executive officer of the Professional Regulation Commission? A. Vice Chairperson B. Chairperson C. Senior Commissioner D. Secretary of the Commission

B. Chairperson Explanation: The text states that the Chairperson is the presiding and chief executive officer of the Commission.

Who serves as the presiding and chief executive officer of the Professional Regulation Commission? A. Vice Chairperson B. Chairperson C. Senior Commissioner D. Secretary of the Commission

B. Chairperson Explanation: The text states that the Chairperson is the presiding and chief executive officer of the Commission.

Answer: C. Must be a lawyer by profession Explanation: Being a lawyer is not a requirement; the qualifications focus on age, professional registration, and valid licensing.

As presiding officer, what is the primary duty of the Chairperson during Commission meetings? A. Draft resolutions B. Preside over meetings of the Commission as a collegial body C. Appoint Board Members D. Conduct investigations

Answer: B. Preside over meetings of the Commission as a collegial body Explanation: The Chairperson’s role as presiding officer includes leading Commission meetings.

The Chairperson’s compensation and allowances are equivalent to that of a: A. Senator B. Department Secretary C. Undersecretary D. Cabinet Assistant Secretary

B. Department Secretary Explanation: The text specifies that the Chairperson receives compensation equal to a Department Secretary.

Commissioners receive compensation and allowances equivalent to that of a: A. Department Secretary B. Cabinet Secretary C. Undersecretary D. Assistant Secretary

C. Undersecretary Explanation: The text states commissioners’ compensation matches that of an Undersecretary

Under which Republic Acts are the retirement benefits of the Chairperson and members provided? A. RA 1568 and RA 3935 B. RA 6511 and RA 496 C. RA 3935 and RA 465 D. RA 1568 and RA 6511

A. RA 1568 and RA 3935 Explanation: Retirement benefits are provided under RA 1568, as amended by RA 3935.

Commissioners receive compensation and allowances equivalent to that of a: A. Department Secretary B. Cabinet Secretary C. Undersecretary D. Assistant Secretary

C. Undersecretary Explanation: The text states commissioners’ compensation matches that of an Undersecretary

The Chairperson’s compensation and allowances are equivalent to that of a: A. Senator B. Department Secretary C. Undersecretary D. Cabinet Assistant Secretary

B. Department Secretary Explanation: The text specifies that the Chairperson receives compensation equal to a Department Secretary.

Which of the following is NOT a listed power of the Commission? A. Administer licensure examinations B. Appoint the Chairperson C. Admit successful examinees to the profession D. Review and approve policies of regulatory boards

Answer: B. Appoint the Chairperson Explanation: The Chairperson is appointed through other government processes, not by the Commission itself.

The Commission determines and fixes fees for examinations and other services subject to whose approval? A. Department of Budget and Management B. Senate of the Philippines C. Office of the President D. Supreme Court

C. Office of the President Explanation: The text states that rates must have the President’s approval.

Which document is referenced for nominating members of the Professional Regulatory Boards? A. RA 3935 B. EO No. 496, Series of 1991 C. RA 465 D. RA 1568

B. EO No. 496, Series of 1991 Explanation: The text specifies that nominations follow EO No. 496, Series of 1991.

The Commission can supervise foreign nationals practicing their profession in the Philippines if they hold: A. A student visa B. A tourist visa C. A certificate of registration & professional ID card or temporary special permit D. A notarized affidavit

C. A certificate of registration & professional ID card or temporary special permit Explanation: The provision applies to foreigners legally authorized to practice under existing laws.

Which document is referenced for nominating members of the Professional Regulatory Boards? A. RA 3935 B. EO No. 496, Series of 1991 C. RA 465 D. RA 1568

B. EO No. 496, Series of 1991 Explanation: The text specifies that nominations follow EO No. 496, Series of 1991.

The Commission is tasked to monitor school performance in licensure exams and: A. Submit results to CHED only B. Publish results in a newspaper of national circulation C. Keep results confidential for one year D. Send results to the Supreme Court

B. Publish results in a newspaper of national circulation Explanation: The text states that performance results must be made public in a national newspaper.

Monitoring school performance in licensure exams and publishing results in a national newspaper is a function of: A. CHED B. DepEd C. The Commission D. CSC

C – This is one of the Commission’s explicit monitoring functions.

The Commission supervises foreign nationals practicing their profession in the Philippines if they hold: A. Special employment contracts B. A certificate of registration & professional ID or a temporary special permit C. Visa Type 9G only D. Endorsement from a Philippine university

B – Legal authority is either via registration + ID or temporary special permit.

The Commission may collect reasonable fees higher than those in RA 465 as amended by RA 6511, subject to whose approval? A. Civil Service Commission B. Office of the President C. Department of Finance D. Supreme Court

Answer: B – Fee adjustments require approval by the Office of the President.

Under Section 8 of the PRC law, who is authorized to create regional offices? A. Professional Regulatory Boards B. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) C. The Commission D. Department of Labor and Employment

C – The Commission

Monitoring school performance in licensure exams and publishing results in a national newspaper is a function of: A. CHED B. DepEd C. The Commission D. CSC

C – This is one of the Commission’s explicit monitoring functions.

Answer: B – Fee adjustments require approval by the Office of the President.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Professional Regulatory Boards? A. Regulate the practice of professions under their jurisdiction B. Hear and investigate cases of violations C. Approve the national budget for the profession D. Prepare and issue examination syllabi

C – Approving the national budget is not their function

The Professional Regulatory Boards regulate the practice of the professions in accordance with: A. Executive Orders B. Resolutions of Congress C. Their respective professional regulatory laws D. Civil Service Commission guidelines

C – Their respective professional regulatory laws

Which function allows the Boards to monitor and inspect the conditions affecting the practice of a profession? A. Regulatory power B. Investigative power C. Monitoring and inspection function D. Judicial function

C – Monitoring and inspection function

C – Their respective professional regulatory laws

C – Monitoring and inspection function

In investigating violations, the Boards may issue: A. Arrest warrants B. Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum C. Executive orders D. Court injunctions

B – Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum

When can the Board NOT delegate the hearing of administrative cases? A. When it involves a minor violation B. When the case strictly concerns the practice of the profession C. When the accused is absent D. When there is no legal officer available

B – Must be presided by at least one Board member if it strictly concerns practice

Who may assist a Board member in hearings involving strict professional practice issues? A. PRC Chairperson B. Legal or Hearing Officer of the Commission C. The complainant’s counsel D. A member of Congress

B – Legal or Hearing Officer of the Commission

Which PRC officer conducts summary proceedings for minor violations? A. Board Chairperson B. PRC Commissioner C. Legal Officers of the Commission D. Department Secretary

Answer: C – Legal Officers of the Commission

A summary judgment for a minor violation becomes final and executory after: A. 5 days B. 10 days C. 15 days D. 30 days

C – 15 days from receipt, unless appealed

Registration without examination requires: A. Approval of the Civil Service Commission B. Final approval of the Commission C. Approval of the Supreme Court D. Approval of Congress

B – Final approval by the Commission

After due process, the Board may do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Suspend a certificate of registration B. Revoke a license C. Reinstate a certificate D. Sentence to imprisonment

D – Sentencing to imprisonment is a court function, not the Board’s

Which function involves consultation with the academe? A. Issuing subpoenas B. Preparing examination syllabi C. Investigating ethics violations D. Conducting summary proceedings

B – Preparing examination syllabi in consultation with the academe

After due process, the Board may do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Suspend a certificate of registration B. Revoke a license C. Reinstate a certificate D. Sentence to imprisonment

D – Sentencing to imprisonment is a court function, not the Board’s

Which function involves consultation with the academe? A. Issuing subpoenas B. Preparing examination syllabi C. Investigating ethics violations D. Conducting summary proceedings

B – Preparing examination syllabi in consultation with the academe

Examination questions must: A. Come from international exam banks B. Be strictly within the scope of the syllabus or table of specifications C. Be written by the Commission Chairperson D. Be approved by Congress

B – Strictly within syllabus or table of specifications

Whose name and signature must appear on scored examination papers? A. PRC Chairperson B. The Board member concerned C. The examinee D. The Commission Secretary

Answer: B – Board member concerned

The results of all licensure exams must be submitted to the Commission within: A. 5 days from last exam day B. 7 days from last exam day C. 10 days from last exam day D. 15 days from last exam day

C – 10 days from the last day of examination

Whose name and signature must appear on scored examination papers? A. PRC Chairperson B. The Board member concerned C. The examinee D. The Commission Secretary

Answer: B – Board member concerned

The annual report of the Board must be submitted: A. At the end of the school year B. After the close of each calendar year C. Every three years D. Before every licensure exam

B – After the close of each calendar year

The Board’s annual report should include: A. Accomplishments, recommendations, and proposals for laws B. Only financial statements C. Only a list of licensed professionals D. Only exam pass rates

A – Accomplishments, recommendations, and issues affecting the profession

Which body gives the final approval for recommendations on registration without exam? A. Civil Service Commission B. Professional Regulation Commission C. Department of Education D. Court of Appeals

B – Professional Regulation Commission

The power to revoke or reinstate a license after due process is: A. Administrative B. Judicial C. Legislative D. Advisory

Answer: A – Administrative power

Which function is considered a quasi-judicial role of the Board? A. Preparing exam syllabi B. Conducting inspections of workplaces C. Investigating ethics violations and issuing subpoenas D. Submitting annual reports

C – Investigating violations is a quasi-judicial function

Which body gives the final approval for recommendations on registration without exam? A. Civil Service Commission B. Professional Regulation Commission C. Department of Education D. Court of Appeals

B – Professional Regulation Commission

The power to revoke or reinstate a license after due process is: A. Administrative B. Judicial C. Legislative D. Advisory

Answer: A – Administrative power

Under the law, members of the Professional Regulatory Boards shall receive compensation equivalent to: A. The same salary grade as the Commissioners B. One salary grade lower than the Commissioners C. Two salary grades lower than the Commissioners D. Three salary grades lower than the Commissioners

Answer: C — Two salary grades lower than the Commissioners.

How much higher is the monthly compensation of the Chairperson of the Professional Regulatory Board compared to its members? A. One step higher B. Two steps higher C. One salary grade higher D. Two salary grades higher

B — Two steps higher than the members of the Board.

Answer: C — Two salary grades lower than the Commissioners.

Who is allowed to teach subjects for licensure examinations? A. Any professional with at least 5 years of work experience B. Holders of valid certificates of registration and licenses, complying with CHED requirements C. Retired professionals with exceptional contributions to the field D. CHED-approved instructors regardless of professional license

Answer: B — Must hold a valid certificate of registration, valid professional license, and meet CHED requirements.

Which agency must assist the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) or any Professional Regulatory Board in enforcing the law? A. Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) B. Department of Justice (DOJ) C. Any law enforcement agency D. Civil Service Commission (CSC)

C — Any law enforcement agency upon request.

What is the minimum penalty for manipulating or rigging licensure examination results? A. 3 years imprisonment or ₱20,000 fine B. 6 years and 1 day imprisonment or ₱50,000 fine C. 12 years imprisonment or ₱100,000 fine D. 5 years imprisonment or ₱75,000 fine

Answer: B — Imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1 day or a fine of not less than ₱50,000.

What is the maximum penalty for manipulating or rigging licensure examination results? A. 10 years imprisonment or ₱75,000 fine B. 12 years imprisonment or ₱100,000 fine C. 15 years imprisonment or ₱150,000 fine D. Life imprisonment

B — Imprisonment of not more than 12 years or a fine of not more than ₱100,000.

If the offender is an officer or employee of the PRC, what additional penalty is imposed aside from imprisonment and fine? A. Suspension for 5 years B. Lifetime ban from taking licensure exams C. Removal from office and perpetual absolute disqualification from public office D. Demotion to lowest rank in public service

C — Removal from office and perpetual absolute disqualification from public office.

Under RA 8981, what is the penalty for a person proven guilty of manipulating or rigging licensure examination results? A. Imprisonment of 2–4 years or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine B. Imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 12 years or ₱50,000–₱100,000 fine C. Imprisonment of 4–6 years or ₱20,000–₱49,000 fine D. Imprisonment of 6 months and 1 day to 6 years or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine

B Explanation: The law imposes imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 12 years or a ₱50,000–₱100,000 fine (or both) for manipulation, rigging, or leaking exam questions.

What is the penalty for an accomplice in examination manipulation under RA 8981? A. 6–12 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱100,000 fine B. 4 years and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment or ₱20,000–₱49,000 fine C. 2–4 years imprisonment or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine D. 6 months to 6 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine

B Explanation: Accomplices get 4 years and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment or ₱20,000–₱49,000 fine (or both).

B — Imprisonment of not more than 12 years or a fine of not more than ₱100,000.

Which of the following is the correct penalty for an accessory in licensure exam manipulation? A. 2 years and 1 day to 4 years imprisonment or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine B. 4–6 years imprisonment or ₱20,000–₱49,000 fine C. 6–12 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱100,000 fine D. 6 months to 6 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine

A Explanation: Accessories receive 2 years and 1 day to 4 years imprisonment or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine (or both).

What is the penalty for heads of government agencies or officers of private institutions violating Section 7(1) of RA 8981? A. 2–4 years imprisonment or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine B. 6 months and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine C. 4–6 years imprisonment or ₱20,000–₱49,000 fine D. 6–12 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱100,000 fine

B Explanation: Violators under Section 7(1) face 6 months and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine (or both).

A Explanation: Accessories receive 2 years and 1 day to 4 years imprisonment or ₱5,000–₱19,000 fine (or both).

B Explanation: Violators under Section 7(1) face 6 months and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment or ₱50,000–₱500,000 fine (or both).

When was the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Modernization Act of 2000 approved? A. December 15, 1999 B. December 05, 2000 C. January 01, 2001 D. November 20, 2000

Answer: B. December 05, 2000 ✅ Explanation: Republic Act No. 8981 was signed into law by then-President Joseph Ejercito Estrada on December 5, 2000.

Who was the President of the Philippines when Republic Act No. 8981 (PRC Modernization Act of 2000) was approved? A. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo B. Joseph Ejercito Estrada C. Fidel V. Ramos D. Benigno S. Aquino III

B. Joseph Ejercito Estrada

What was the first regulatory law in Optometry in the Philippines? A. Republic Act No. 8050 B. Optometry Law of 1917 C. PRC Modernization Act of 2000 D. Optometry Act of 1965

B. Optometry Law of 1917 ✅ Explanation: The Optometry Law of 1917 was the first official regulation of the practice of Optometry in the Philippines, later amended in 1919.

B. Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Who was the first to receive a certificate of registration in Optometry in the Philippines according to common knowledge? A. Dr. Manuel Sabater B. Dr. Federico Sarabia, Sr. C. Dr. Justo Gonzales D. Dr. G.T. Herrmann

B. Dr. Federico Sarabia, Sr. ✅ Explanation: He is widely recognized as the first to be registered (Certificate No. 001), though PRC records indicate a different first registrant by official date.

According to PRC records, who was officially issued Registration Certificate No. 1 in Optometry on March 11, 1918? A. Dr. Federico Sarabia, Sr. B. Dr. Manuel Sabater C. Dr. Carlos Ortiz D. Dr. Justo Gonzales

B. Dr. Manuel Sabater ✅ Explanation: While tradition names Sarabia, PRC records show that Manuel Sabater’s certificate (No. 1) was issued on March 11, 1918.

What was the Examination de gracia held in relation to the Optometry Law of 1917? A. A licensing exam for foreign-trained optometrists B. An honorary examination for early practitioners before March 11, 1917 C. A practical skills demonstration only D. An annual continuing education test

B. An honorary examination for early practitioners before March 11, 1917 ✅ Explanation: It was given to practitioners one year prior to the full enforcement of the Optometry Law to allow them to be licensed.

Which of the following was NOT one of the early board examiners (Junta Examinadora) in Philippine Optometry? A. G.T. Herrmann B. H.O. Haynor C. William G. Moore D. Jose Rizal

D. Jose Rizal ✅ Explanation: Rizal was a physician and ophthalmologist, but not part of the early Optometry Board Examiners.

The original Optometry Law in the Philippines was enacted in: A. 1907 B. 1917 C. 1957 D. 1995

B. 1917 Explanation: The first Optometry Law was enacted in 1917 and later amended in 1919, forming the foundation of optometric regulation in the Philippines.

Which of the following was NOT one of the early board examiners (Junta Examinadora) in Philippine Optometry? A. G.T. Herrmann B. H.O. Haynor C. William G. Moore D. Jose Rizal

D. Jose Rizal ✅ Explanation: Rizal was a physician and ophthalmologist, but not part of the early Optometry Board Examiners.

RA 1998, which amended the 1917 Optometry Law, was passed in: A. 1919 B. 1957 C. 1995 D. 2008

Answer: B. 1957 Explanation: RA 1998 was passed in 1957 to update provisions of the original 1917 Optometry Law.

The Revised Optometry Law of 1995 is officially known as: A. RA 1998 B. RA 8050 C. RA 9502 D. PD 856

Answer: B. RA 8050 Explanation: RA 8050, enacted in 1995, replaced RA 1998, modernizing optometry practice and education in the Philippines.

Which Philippine president signed RA 8050 into law? A. Fidel V. Ramos B. Joseph Ejercito Estrada C. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo D. Corazon C. Aquino

A. Fidel V. Ramos Explanation: RA 8050 was signed into law in 1995 by President Fidel V. Ramos, not by Estrada (who approved related regulations in 2000).

RA 1998, which amended the 1917 Optometry Law, was passed in: A. 1919 B. 1957 C. 1995 D. 2008

Answer: B. 1957 Explanation: RA 1998 was passed in 1957 to update provisions of the original 1917 Optometry Law.

The Revised Optometry Law of 1995 is officially known as: A. RA 1998 B. RA 8050 C. RA 9502 D. PD 856

Answer: B. RA 8050 Explanation: RA 8050, enacted in 1995, replaced RA 1998, modernizing optometry practice and education in the Philippines.

The Rules and Regulations Implementing RA 8050 are outlined in: A. PRC Resolution No. 02, s. 1995 B. Board of Optometry Resolution No. 01, s. 2008 C. DOH Administrative Order 1995-01 D. RA 10912

B. Board of Optometry Resolution No. 01, s. 2008 Explanation: The Board of Optometry issued Resolution No. 01, Series of 2008, to govern the examination, registration, and regulation of optometry practice.

the Rules and Regulations of RA 8050, “Canvassing” refers to: A. Advertising optometry services in medical journals B. Selling optical goods from a fixed clinic C. Conducting eye exams and selling optical goods while going from place to place D. Posting advertisements on the internet only

C. Conducting eye exams and selling optical goods while going from place to place Explanation: Canvassing involves traveling to potential customers, conducting eye exams, and selling optical merchandise—often with promotional tools.

In the context of RA 8050, a Certificate of Registration is issued to: A. All students enrolled in optometry school B. Any optical shop owner C. Qualified applicants who have met licensure requirements D. Foreign-trained optometrists without exams

Answer: C. Qualified applicants who have met licensure requirements Explanation: The Certificate of Registration, signed by PRC and the Board, proves that the holder is licensed to practice optometry in the Philippines.

Who signs the Certificate of Registration for optometrists in the Philippines? A. Only the Chairperson of the Board of Optometry B. The President of the Philippines C. The Chairperson of the PRC and all members of the Board of Optometry D. The Secretary of the Department of Health

C Explanation: The Certificate of Registration bears the signatures of the PRC Chairperson and all Board of Optometry members, along with the official seal.

A “Certificate of Registration” in optometry is issued when an applicant: A. Pays the required renewal fees B. Passes the licensure exam and fulfills all requirements set by the PRC and the Board of Optometry C. Completes a one-year internship program D. Submits proof of continuing professional development (CPD)

Answer: B Explanation: Under RA 8050, a Certificate of Registration is proof that the registrant has met all qualifications to practice optometry, signed by the PRC Chairperson and Board members.

What is the purpose of the Certificate of Registration in optometry? A. To allow the optometrist to sell spectacles and contact lenses B. To prove that the registrant is qualified to practice optometry in the Philippines C. To permit optometrists to advertise their services publicly D. To certify the optometrist’s membership in a professional association

B Explanation: The Certificate of Registration, signed by the PRC Commissioner and all Board members, is official proof that the registrant meets all requirements to legally practice optometry in the Philippines.

Which of the following is NOT part of the Clinical Skills Assessment in the optometry licensure exam? A. Subjective Examination B. Ophthalmic Dispensing C. Public Health and Epidemiology D. Clinical Optometry including DPA and Contact Lens Fitting

Answer: C Explanation: The clinical skills exam includes Subjective and Objective Examinations, Ophthalmic Dispensing, and Clinical Optometry with DPA & CL fitting — Public Health is not listed as part of this component.

The Code of Professional Ethics for optometrists is adopted by the Board of Optometry upon approval of which body? A. Congress of the Philippines B. Department of Health C. Professional Regulation Commission D. Commission on Higher Education

Answer: C Explanation: The Code of Professional Ethics is prepared by the national optometry organization but must be adopted and approved by the PRC before enforcement.

In the CPD Council composition, the first member is the president or officer of: A. Any PRC-recognized organization B. AIPO/APO duly authorized by its Board of Governors/Trustees C. The national organization of deans D. The Department of Health

B Explanation: The first member comes from the Accredited Integrated Professional Organization (AIPO) or Accredited Professional Organization (APO

Who serves as the Chairperson of the CPD Council? A. Chairperson of PRC B. Member of the Professional Regulatory Board (PRB) C. President of AIPO/APO D. President of the national organization of deans

Answer: B Explanation: The CPD Council chairperson is a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of the profession.

The Continuing Professional Education Council (CPEC) assists the Board in implementing CPE programs and activities. This is related to which Republic Act? A. R.A. 10918 B. R.A. 8981 C. R.A. 10912 D. R.A. 8050

C Explanation: R.A. 10912 is the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Act of 2016.

Under R.A. No. 8981, the “Commission” refers to which entity? A. Civil Service Commission B. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) C. Commission on Higher Education D. Commission on Human Rights

Answer: B Explanation: R.A. No. 8981 is the PRC Modernization Act, and “Commission” refers to the Professional Regulation Commission.

The Code of Professional Ethics for optometrists is adopted by the Board of Optometry upon approval of which body? A. Department of Education B. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) C. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) D. Department of Health (DOH)

Answer: C Explanation: The Code of Professional Ethics is prescribed by the integrated national organization of optometrists and adopted by the Board with PRC approval.

Answer: B Explanation: R.A. No. 8981 is the PRC Modernization Act, and “Commission” refers to the Professional Regulation Commission.

In the CPD Council, the second member is: A. President or officer of the national organization of deans or department chairpersons of schools/colleges/universities offering the program B. PRC Chairperson C. CHED Regional Director D. Senior member of the Board of Optometry

A – This ensures academic sector representation in the CPD process.

Under RA 10912, the term of office for the CPD Council Chairperson is: A. Two (2) years fixed term B. Coterminous with incumbency in the Professional Regulatory Board (PRB) C. Three (3) years renewable D. Indefinite until replaced by PRC

B – Coterminous with his/her incumbency in the PRB unless sooner replaced.

The first and second members of the CPD Council serve for how long? A. One (1) year B. Two (2) years C. Three (3) years D. Coterminous with PRB chairperson

Two (2) years unless sooner replaced.

A – This ensures academic sector representation in the CPD process.

B – Coterminous with his/her incumbency in the PRB unless sooner replaced.

Who approves the operational guidelines issued by the CPD Council? A. President of the Philippines B. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and the PRB concerned C. Senate Committee on Education D. AIPO/APO only

B – Approval is by PRC and PRB concerned.

Which of the following is part of the CPD Council’s responsibilities? A. Formulating licensure exam questions B. Monitoring CPD program implementation C. Granting professional licenses D. Imposing income tax on CPD providers

B – They monitor and evaluate CPD program implementation.

Under the PRC rules, how many Continuing Professional Education (CPE) units must an optometrist earn within three (3) years preceding PRC ID renewal? A. 30 units B. 45 units C. 60 units D. 75 units

B. 45 units Explanation: For optometrists, starting July 1, 2017, a total of 45 CPD units is required every 3 years for PRC ID renewal.

According to Rule XII – IRR on CPE, what is the minimum CPE unit requirement for an optometrist under the older rule before RA 10912 was applied? A. 45 units every 3 years B. 60 units every 3 years C. 45 units annually D. 30 units annually

B. 60 units every 3 years Explanation: Before RA 10912, optometrists were required to earn 60 units within 3 years

Which RA is known as the Continuing Professional Development Act? A. RA 10918 B. RA 10912 C. RA 8981 D. RA 8050

B. RA 10912 Explanation: RA 10912 mandates continuing professional development (CPD) for licensed professionals in the Philippines.

A CPD activity conducted through workshops, seminars, or lectures organized by accredited providers is best classified as: A. Formal learning B. Non-formal learning C. Informal learning D. Self-directed learning

B. Non-formal learning Explanation: Non-formal learning refers to structured learning outside the traditional school system, such as workshops and seminar

Reading the latest journal articles on clinical optometry at home, without supervision or formal structure, is an example of: A. Non-formal learning B. Self-directed learning C. Informal learning D. Professional work experience

B. Self-directed learning Explanation: Self-directed learning is initiated and managed by the learner, often without external instruction.

What does the CPE credit unit represent? A. The number of seminars attended B. The length of service in a clinic C. The value of learning that can be credited towards qualification D. The number of patients examined

C. The value of learning that can be credited towards qualification Explanation: CPE/CPD credit units are a measure of the amount of learning that can be credited to formal, non-formal, or informal qualifications.

MCQ- ETHICS Flashcards

(144 cards)