Medications commonly prescribed in respiratory failure are?
List at least 3
- inhalation/intravenous steroids
- bronchodilators
- antibiotic therapy
- analgesia
- sedatives
Medications commonly prescribed in PE (pulmonary embolisms) are? List 3
- inotropes = noradrenaline, adrenaline, dobutamine
- analgesics
- thrombolytics
- anticoagulants - heparin
What is another name used for Salbutamol? What type of drug is it and what reactions should we be monitoring for?
Ventolin, it is a Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist
We should be monitoring for: tremors, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, heachache, nausea, palpitations and feelings of warmth
What is another name for Ipratopium Bromide?
What type of drug is it?
What reactions should we be monitoring for when giving this drug?
Atrivent is a bronchodialator
We should be monitoring for: tachycardia, arrhythmia, SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia), AF (atrial fibrillation), nausea, dry mouth, glaucoma
What routine medications are prescribed for HF?
- angiotensin: converting enzyme inhibitors
- angiotensin II receptor blockers
- beta-blockers
- diuretics (careful not to overwork the heart)
- digoxin
What is another name for Glycerl trinitrate (GTN)?
What type of drug is it?
GTN is otherwise known as Angine
It is a vasodilator = increases blood flow from epicardial to endocardial regions
What type of drug is Aspirin?
Who is it used in?
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation
Used in pt’s with unknown cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease
Also a prophylaxis for AMI, Unstable angina, TIA, CVA
What is morphine?
- it is an analgesia
- opium= binds to receptors in the brain, spinal cord and other tissues
What is Metoclopromide?
What is it otherwise known as?
What does this drug do?
- it is an anti emetic
- otherwise known as Maxolon
- it accelerates gastric emptying, increases peristalsis
What is Tazopip?
what type of drug is it?
What are the contraindications for this drug?
Tazopip is antibacterial combination medication
- it is a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin.
- previous allergic reactions to penicillin/cephalosporins
Inotropes promote myocardial contractility to improve CO and BP. However they also present a paradox in the treatment of cardiogenic shock as they have the potential to?
- to increase HR and myocardial O2 demands
- increase the frequency of arrhythmias
what does adrenaline (epinephrine) bind to and do?
- binds to Beta 1 adreno receptors = increased HR and contraction
- binds to beta2 receptors = vasodilation
what does noradrenaline (norepinephrine) bind to?
it binds to beta and alpha receptor which results in very little beta2 activity.
List the routes that can be used for cardiac arrest drugs
- intra-osseous (IO)
- IV
- Via ETT
List at least 4 cardiac drugs and there type.
- Adrenaline (epinephrine) = peripheral vasoconstriction
- amiodorone = antiarrhythmic
- calcium = myocardial excitability
- lignocaine = sodium channel blocker (used in recurrent VF/VT)
- magnesium = myocardial hyperexcitability
- potassium = if suspected
List some Inotropic drugs that may be used for shock.
- dobutamine
- dopamine
- adrenaline
- noradrenaline
- vasopressin
What is another name for Enoxaparin? What is it used for?
Clexaine, this drug is used for to aid in the prevention of VTE (venous thromboembolism)
What is Amoxicillin and what is it used for?
It is a moderate spectrum beta-lactamase sensitive aminopenicillin.
It is used to treat gram negative bacteria (influenza)
What are the contra-indications for Amoxicillin?
Those who are sensitive to penicillins or Cephalosporins
List some possible reactions that Amoxicillin may cause
- anaphylaxis
- rash
- Vomiting
- nausea
- urticaria
- diarrhoea
What is paracetamol?
It is a analgesic and antipyretic which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS.
What is the treatment for an overdose of paracetamol?
- Acetycystine can be administered if within 4 hrs of pt ingesting with a maintenance dose given 21 hr
- multiple blood tests will need to be performed to test hepatic function
