List the classification of burns.
- epidermal burns = involves the dermis
- superficial partial thickness = involves the epidermis and dermis
- mid dermal partial thickness - epidermis and dermis
- deep partial thickness = deep into the dermis
- full thickness = epidermis and dermis is destroyed
What is the Wallace rule of nines?
- it is how burns are assess.
- is measured through total burn surface area percentage.
In the Wallace rule of nines, it measures the total body surface area. How is this divided up and list the values of these areas.
- head =9%
- leg (whole) = 18%
- trunk (front) = 18 %
- trunk (back) = 18%
- perineum = 1%
- hand (including fingers) = 1%
What is the formula when dealing with fluid resuscitation to a burns patient?
- 4mls/kg x %TBSA x pre-burn body weight (in kg) = volume in mls
After we have worked out the amount required for fluid resus in a burns pt how is this delivered?
We will give the pt 50% of the required amount in the 1st 8hrs.
- 25% in the 2nd 8hrs post burn
- 25% in the 3rd 8hrs post burn.
The incidence of burns injuries in Aust/NZ 1999-2004 is:
A) 460 admissions
B) 4,600 admissions
C) 46,000 admissions
The incidence of burns injuries in Aust/NZ 1999-2004 is:
A) 460 admissions
B) 4,600 admissions
C) 46,000 admissions*
True or False
The classifications of burns injuries is superficial, partial thickness and full thickness.
False
Complete the following statement.
We use the rule of nines TBSA% to…..
We use the rule of nines TBSA% to be able to estimate the amount of burns a patient has sustained
List 3 local effects of a burn.
- zone of coagulation
- zone of stasis
- zone of hyperaemia
Name 3 systemic effects of a burn
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
- metabolic
- immunological
What is the fluid criteria for fluid resuscitation in an adult and a child?
Adult-15% TBSA
Child -10% TBSA
What is the care of a burns pt?
Emergency - remove pt from danger, stop the burning process (under water 20minutes, analgesia given
Airway- O2 therapy for all pts, monitor for obstructions
Breathing- monitor for signs and symptoms of dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema and tachypnoea
Circulation- fluid resuscitation
Minimise hyperthermia and hyperkalaemia
Dressing burns area
The incidence of burns injuries in Australia/NZ 1999-2004 is?
A) 460 admissions
B) 4,600 admissions
C) 46,000 admissions
A) 460 admissions
B) 4,600 admissions
C) 46,000 admissions*
What are the 5 methods of burns prevention?
- education
- keep matches and lighters away from children
- replace batteries in smoke detectors
- set hot water to temperature no higher than 50*
- use caution when cooking
The aim of pre-hospital care is?
To reduce the occurrence of preventable death and disability associated with trauma
What is the A-E for burns pts?
Airway/breathing= consider the need for intubation Circulation= fluid replacement Disability= monitor GCS and possible causes for lowering GCS Exposure= fluid loss
what is the treatment of circumferential burns?
Escarotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat full-thickness (third-degree) circumferential burns.
what are the local effects of major burns?
- zone of coagulation
- zone of sepsis
- zone of hyperaemia (increased blood flow to tissues)
There are 2 phases of care for a pt who has a burn injury. What is this?
- immediate care
- care provided within the 1st 24 hrs
What is the criteria for fluid resuscitation?
adults -more than 15% TBSA
children - more than 10% TBSA
What is the care for a pt with a burn injury?
Emergency care = remove pt from danger, -stop the burning process, -run under water for 20 minutes, -provide adequate analgesia Airway = monitor for obstructions -O2 therapy Breathing = monitor for signs and symptoms of: -dyspnoea -tachypnoea -pulmonary oedema Circulation = fluid resus Minimisation of hypothermia and hyperkalaemia Burns dressing application
