Memory

Question 1

Define memory

Answer 1

Ability to encode, store, and retrieve information

Question 2

How does Atkinson-Shiffron’s three box information processing model describe how memory works

Answer 2

Memory begins in the senses (sensory memory)—-> then goes to short-term memory—-> then goes to long term memory

Question 3

Define sensory memory

Answer 3

Brief recording of sensory information

Question 4

Define short term memory

Answer 4

Processes briefly stored sensory information

Question 5

What are the three techniques to remember things in short term memory

Answer 5

• Maintenance: Rehearsal of keeping it longer than 30 seconds
• Chucking: Grouping information into manageable units
• George Miller: “Magic number seven” The mind will hold seven unrelated items

Question 6

Define long term memory

Answer 6

Storehouse of the memory system

Question 7

Define encoding

Answer 7

Getting information in the mind

Question 8

What is automatic processing (encoding)

Answer 8

Unconsciously encoding information (like space, time, and frequency)

Question 9

What is Effortful processing (encoding)

Answer 9

Encoding that requires attention and effort

Question 10

What are the three types of effortful processing (encoding)

Answer 10

• Rehearsal: Repetition of information
• Spacing effect: Distributing information over time
• Serial position effect: Recalling the first and last items on a list

Question 11

How do people mentally organize encoding meaning

Answer 11

Associating what we read or hear with what we already know

Question 12

How do people mentally organize encoding imagery

Answer 12

Mental pictures

Question 13

Define mnemonic devices

Answer 13

Memory aids that create meaning to new information (Ex: PEMDAS )

Question 14

T/F: Anything stored in long-term memory waits to be re-awakened

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Define iconic memory

Answer 15

(Visual) A photograph or picture image

Question 16

Define echoic memory

Answer 16

(Audio) Memory of auditory stimuli

Question 17

Define long term potentiation

Answer 17

An increase in a synapses firing potentiation after brief, rapid stimulation

Question 18

Define flashbulb memory

Answer 18

Hormonal changes that explain why we remember exiting/ shocking events

Question 19

What hormone helps form new memories

Answer 19

Epinephrine

Question 20

Define explicit memory

Answer 20

Remembering facts and experiences one can consciously know

Question 21

Define implicit memory

Answer 21

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Question 22

Define procedural memory

Answer 22

Remembering commonly learned tasks without conscious awareness

Question 23

What will damage to the right hippocampus result in

Answer 23

Trouble recalling visual designs and locations

Question 23

Where in the brain are explicit memories for facts stored

Answer 23

The hippocampus

Question 24

What will damage to the left hippocampus result in

Answer 24

Trouble remembering verbal information

Question 25

What part of the brain is responsible for sequencing events

Answer 25

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 26

What part of the brain is responsible for the emotional aspects of memory

Answer 26

Amygdala

Question 27

What part of the brain is responsible for memories involving movement

Answer 27

Cerebellum

Question 28

What part of the brain is responsible for encoding new memories to long term memory

Answer 28

Temporal lobe

Question 29

Define recall

Answer 29

Ability to retrieve memories without memory cues

Question 30

Define recognition

Answer 30

Retrieving memories with memory cues

Question 31

Define relearning

Answer 31

Relearning material, but this time it takes half as long to remember

Question 32

Define priming

Answer 32

Activating associations in memory

Question 33

Define mood-congruent

Answer 33

Recall experiences that consist with current ones

Question 34

Define source amnesia

Answer 34

Using the wrong source of an event that you experienced, read about, or heard about