Thinking & Intelligence

Question 1

Who studies mental activities such as processing, understanding, remembering, and communication

Answer 1

Cognitive psychologists

Question 2

Define thinking

Answer 2

Mental representation and manipulation of information

Question 3

Define mental images

Answer 3

Mental representation of an object or event

Question 4

Define concepts

Answer 4

Mental categories for classifying events, objects, and ideas on the basis of their common features

Question 5

Define formal concept

Answer 5

Clearly defined rules for determining membership

Question 6

Define natural concept

Answer 6

Concepts with poorly defined rules for membership

Question 7

Define algorithm

Answer 7

Step by step set of rules for solving a problem

Question 8

Define heuristic

Answer 8

Taking short cuts to reduce algorithms

Question 9

Define insight

Answer 9

Information comes to you (“light bulb” moment)

Question 10

Define mental set

Answer 10

Tendency to rely on strategies that worked in the past but may not be appropriate with the current problem

Question 11

Define fixation

Answer 11

Inability to take a new perspective on a problem

Question 12

Define confirmation bias

Answer 12

Tendency to search out information that confirms ones own perceptions

Question 13

Define functional fixedness

Answer 13

Inability to see how familiar objects can be used in new ways

Question 14

Define availability heuristic

Answer 14

Base decision on information that readily comes to mind

Question 15

Define representative heuristic

Answer 15

Leads us to ignore other relevant facts

Question 16

Define overconfidence

Answer 16

Tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 17

Define framing

Answer 17

How an issue is posed or presented can affect decisions/ judgements

Question 18

Define belief perseverance

Answer 18

Clinging to ones initial conceptions even when belief has been discredited

Question 19

Define prototypes

Answer 19

Best representation of a concept

Question 20

An example of savant syndrome is

Answer 20

Being unable to speak, but able to draw elaborate pictures