memory

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

refers to initial detection and processing of stimuli
- physiological process

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

psychological process resulting in extractions of meaningful information about objects, situations and events in the environment and our own activity

Question 3

identify types of stimuli

Answer 3

external stimuli- sights, sounds touch from the outside
internal stimuli- hunger, emotion, pain

Question 4

reception

Answer 4

is the detection of stimuli by the sensory neurons in our sense organs

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

the different form of stimuli energy are converted into electrochemical energy, the form of energy used by the nervous sytem

Question 6

transmission

Answer 6

sending this information from the sensory organs through the nervous system to the brain

Question 7

selection

Answer 7

feature detectors filter the stimuli by responding to specific features of a stimulus and ignoring the rest

Question 8

organisation

Answer 8

organise the features of sensory stimuli in a meaningful manner

Question 9

interpretation

Answer 9

give meaning to, this is affected by a persons past experiences and how they select and organise info resulting in different perceptions of the same stimuli

Question 10

attention

Answer 10

the ability to actively process specific information in the environment while tuning out other details

Question 11

selective attention

Answer 11

involves focusing on one stimulus and blocking out other stimulus

Question 12

divided attention

Answer 12

involves focusing on 2 or more stimuli at the same time

Question 13

cocktail party effect

Answer 13

a cognitive psychology phenomenon describing the human brain’s ability to focus attention on a single, specific stimulus (like a conversation) while filtering out a noisy, chaotic background

Question 14

encoding

Answer 14

the process of acquiring info and entering it into memory

Question 15

acoustic encoding

Answer 15

mental representation of info as a sequence of sounds

Question 16

visual encoding

Answer 16

mental representation of info as images

Question 17

semantic encoding

Answer 17

mental representation of an experience based by its general meaning

Question 18

storage

Answer 18

process of maintaining info in memory over time

Question 19

cognitive load

Answer 19

the amount of information our working memory can hold at a time

Question 20

episodic memory

Answer 20

which is memory info in memory over time

Question 21

procedural memory

Answer 21

which is memory containing info about how to do things

Question 22

semantic memory

Answer 22

which is memory containing generalised knowledge of the world

Question 23

retrieval

Answer 23

process of recalling info stored in memory
recall- is when you are required info without any aid
recognition- when retrieval is aided by cues

Question 24

sensory register

Answer 24

duration- 0.3- 4 seconds
capacity- 3-4 items
form of encoding- visual and acoustic

Question 25

short term memory

Answer 25

duration- 12 to 30 seconds capacity- 7 to -2 form of encoding- mostly acoustic, attention and rehearsal will help stir info into long term memory

Question 26

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 26

is where we give meaning to info and then link it to info we already have in memory

Question 27

long term memory

Answer 27

duration and capacity- unlimited as long as it is use form of encoding- encoded by its meaning (semantically)- elaborative rehearsal

Question 28

mnemonic device

Answer 28

another way of encoding info through a deliberate system

Question 29

procedural memory

Answer 29

is the 'how to' memory or stores the way we do things - implicit memory - not a conscious form or recall - series of actions and motor skills that have been learned

Question 30

declarative memory

Answer 30

is the 'what' of memory, it is sometimes called explicit memory, requires conscious effort of retrieval

Question 31

explicit memory

Answer 31

memory that requires conscious recall

Question 32

implicit memory

Answer 32

memory that does not require conscious recall

Question 33

episodic memory

Answer 33

personal experiences

Question 34

semantic memory

Answer 34

facts and information

Question 35

central executive

Answer 35

puts the sounds and vision together of working memory, it controls our attention and allows us to mentally manipulate data - screens material for our attention - it reorders the importance of the incoming info

Question 36

phonological loop

Answer 36

auditory working memory - spoken and written material

Question 37

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 37

visual short term memory

Question 38

articulatory control

Answer 38

repeats verbal information in a loop, allowing for maintenance rehearsal to occue

Question 39

phonological store

Answer 39

stores spoken word we hear for 1-2 seconds

Question 40

episodic buffer

Answer 40

helps retrieval info from LTM to associate with new info from the other slave systems for re encoding back to long term memory

Question 41

hippocampus

Answer 41

- located deep in the temporal lobe - memories are temporarily held in the hippocampus then moved to the pre- frontal cortex - play a major role in the formation of declarative memory- episodic, knowledge, concepts

Question 42

cerebellum

Answer 42

- underneath the cerebrum involved in balanced, judged distance, coordination and fine movement - stores procedural memories, specifically of learned sensorimotor skills such as using scissors - forms procedural memories that are implicit

Question 43

amygdala

Answer 43

- strengthens episodic memories stored in other regions of the brain due to emotional regulation - strong association with fear responses - implicit memory- emotional conditioning

Question 44

henry molasion

Answer 44

- he was unable to form declarative memories - this led to the understanding that the hippocampus plays a major role in declarative memory production - info in his short- term memory was unable to be encoded into long term memory

Question 45

re-encoding

Answer 45

the process of periodically restoring or strengthening damaged, decayed, or incomplete stored information to prevent total loss.