Define memory
set of mental processes by which the nervous system stores encodes, consolidates, s and retrieves info to guide future behavior
Define encoding
process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
Define storage
process of maintaining info in memory over time
Define retrieval
process of bringing to min info that has been encoded and stored (hippocampus and prefrontal reactivation)
Describe memory not being a unitary process
- each type of memory is mediated by different brain systems
- different types of memory are partially independent at the brain level
Why are memories not exact copies of sensory experiences?
- memories are constructed not recorded
- we take into account past emotions and cognitions and present emotions and cognitions
- memories are modified every time we retrieve them with new emotional context and information
Define STM
memory of events that just occurred
Define LTM
long-lasting memories
Explain memory consolidation
STM can be consolidated into LTM through rehearsal and sleep
Define working memory
- mental working space where we hold information of trying to make sense of the world around you
- capacity to sustain a representation/idea in an active and conscious state, which can be used in further processing or further reasoning
Explain Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory
What are the four components of the working memory model
Explain the central executive component
- controls attention
- decides what to focus on
- coordinates the other components
- linked to the prefrontal cortex
Explain the phonological loop
- holds verbal/auditory info
- maintained through rehearsal
- Brocca’s area
Explain visuospatial sketchpad
Explain the episodic buffer
Define long term memory
- capable of encoding, storing, and retrieving info over periods of time, from minutes to a lifetime
- declarative v. nondeclarative
Define declarative memory
involves memories of facts that you are aware that you know
Define nondeclarative memories
- involves learning and LTM abilities that can occur without conscious awareness and does not lend itself to conscious recall
Explain semantic memory
- involve info about the properties of things
- useful for organizing the world into semantic properties
- memories for facts about the outside world
Explain episodic memory
- memories for past autobiographical events
- consciously recalled and described
- vivid, cinematic quality
- have a particular context, specific place or time associated with it
What are the four types of implicit memory
- procedural
- priming
- classical conditioning
- habituation/sensitization
Define procedural memory
- memories for how to perform skills or habits
- acquired slowly through repetition and practice
- dependent on the neural circuit of the striatum
Explain priming
- a past experience influence the response to a stimulus
