Three steps to memorization
encoding: get information to brain
Storage: retain
Retrieval: Get it back.
Physiology of Memory (3 Sections)
- Sensory input via sense organs
- Identify senses via lobes
3. Permanent Store
- Identify senses via lobes
Sensory input via sense organs
a, optic-retina (rods and cones)
b. audition-cochlea (lining)
c. gustatory (taste buds)
d. tactile (skin membrane)
e. olfactory (nasal bulb)Identify senses via lobes
a. optic-occipital
b. audition-temporal
c. gustatory-porietal
d. tactile-porietal
e. olfactory-amygdala in LymbicSystemCharacteristics of permanent Store
a. Hippocampus in Lymbic Systemprioritizes with emotions
b. Temporal Lobe-most long termstore in sounded-out order
c. Possible embellishment via imagryvia occipital store and linguistic cuesTypes of Memory loss
- Recoding Failure-Disrupted incorporation ofinformation.
- Retention Failure-a physiological problem.
- Retrieval Failure-When you can not remember whatyou know.
Memory Disorders
- Amnesia-Blunt force trauma to head causesloss of data.
- Retrograde Amnesia-Blunt force trauma tohead (closed head injury) cause loss of data before blow to head.
- Korsokoff Syndrome-Severe memory loss anddementia-thiamine deficiency.
- Alzheimer’s Disease-Plaque accumulation results in neurofibular tangle:personality change, memory loss, death.
How we learn
- Spaced Practice is better than Massed.
- Rehearsal
(a) Rote orMaintainance Rehearsal-Recitation(b)Elaborative Rehearsal-Imagry
- Overlearning-study beyond simple recall.
- Comprehend information so it can be paraphrased.
- Use mnemonic devices
Herman Ebbinghaus
- Father of Memory Theory-a pioneerof methodology.
2. Defined the forgettingcurve-order of memorability
Atkinson and Shriffen-Information ProcessingTheory
- Sensory Register-first identified data
2. Short-Term Memory - “Working Memory” - Long-TermMemory - vast and relatively permanent, enhanced by elaborative rehearsal.
Sir Cedric Bartlette
- Resynthesis Theory-Memory isreconstructive
- Inspired by Sir Alfred Baddelley-a. Also knighted by theQueen for achievements in Researchb.Said memory is inincomplete pieces for building explanations.
Memory Sensory Organs
Physiology of Memory
a, optic-retina (rods and cones)
b. audition-cochlea (lining)
c. gustatory (taste buds)
d. tactile (skin membrane)
e. olfactory (nasal bulb)Identify senses via lobes
Physiology of Memory
a. optic-occipital
b. audition-temporal
c. gustatory-porietal
d. tactile-porietal
e. olfactory-amygdala in LymbicSystemPermanent Store
Physiology of Memory
a. Hippocampus in Lymbic Systemprioritizes with emotions
b. Temporal Lobe-most long termstore in sounded-out order
c. Possible embellishment via imagryvia occipital store and linguistic cues
Characteristics of short-term memory
- Volatileand interactive
- Tiny– holding an average of seven units
- Can be enhanced with chunking and role rehearsal.
C haracteristics of long-term memory
- Vast
- Relativelypermanent
- Enhanced by elaborative rehearsal.
Recall
Remember without a cue to help. (Fill in theblank)
Recognition
Remember with a cue to help. (Multiple Choice)
Information-processing approach tomemory
- Sensoryinput received via organs. (Input into body)
- Bodydeciphers the information. (Identify)
- Memory stored into temporal lobe in sound out order.(Storage)
Reconstructive memory
Memories can be distorted by informationencountered after an event has occurred.
The function of schemas
Mental structures people use to organize theirknowledge effect what we notice, think about, interpret, and remember. Theyprovide a structure to interpret a situation; help relate new experiences toold ones. Drawback– sometimes distort reality.
Causes of forgetting
- Recoding Failure – Disrupted incorporation of information.
- Retention Failure – Physiological problem.
- Retrieval Failure – When you cannot remember what you know.
Techniques for improving memory
- Spacepractice out. (Do not cram)
- Rehearsal.
- Overlearn – Study beyond simple recall.
- Comprehendinformation so it can be paraphrased.
- Use mnemonic devices.
