MEMORY

Question 1

What are the 3 types of HUMAN memory?

Answer 1

• sensory memory
• Short-term memory
• Long-term memory

Question 2

What are the diff. types of Long term memory?

Answer 2

• Implicit (unconscious memory)

- Explicit (Conscious memory)

Question 3

Name a type of implicit memory.

Answer 3

procedural memory

-riding a cycle

Question 4

Name a 2 types of declarative memory.

Answer 4

• semantic (facts)

- Episodic memory (events)

Question 5

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 5

• the inability to form new memories since the onset of ILLNESS/ INJURY

Question 6

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 6

• difficulty in remembering INFO. PRIOR to onset of illness (childhood memories)

Question 7

How is language affected in dementia?

Answer 7

• lose LANGUAGE skills

- may be withdrawn from social interaction

Question 8

Why may dementia arise in an individual?

Answer 8

• d/t disease of the BRAIN (of a chronic/progressive nature)
• disturbance to MULTIPLE higher cortical functions (memory, orientation, lang, judgement)
• consciousness is intact

Question 9

Dementia is commonly seen in which other brain condition?

Answer 9

• Alzheimer’s

- CVD

Question 10

Which symptoms must be presented for Dementia to be diagnosed?

Answer 10

2 or MORE of the following:

• forgetfulness
• memory loss
• confusion
• poor reasoning
• personality changes
• inability to focus
• poor judgement
• visual perception

Question 11

How may the emotions vary across Dementia, Depression AND dELIRIUM?

Answer 11

• dementia: Shallow, labile, irritable
• Delirium: aggressive, fearful and irritable
• Depression: flat, unresponsive

Question 12

What form of perception is seen in Delirum, Dementia and Depression?

Answer 12

• delirium: VISUAL and AUDITORY hallucinations are common
• Depression: auditory
• Dementia: 30-40% experience Hallucinations

Question 13

What is the most RAPID assessment for Delirium?

Answer 13

4AT

• Alertness
• AMT-4 (age/DOB/Place/Current year)
• Attention (months backwards)
• Acute/ fluctuating course

Question 14

4AT is NOT the only test to be aware of.

Those with suspected cognitive impairment

Answer 14

• MMSE should be done
• —give a score out of 30
• 20-24: mild dementia
• <12: SEVERE dementia

Question 15

What are disadvantages of MMSE?

Answer 15

• not adjustable for AGE
• poor examin. of executive fxn
• may not indicate problem in early stages

Question 16

Name 3 bedside tests.

Answer 16

GPCOG (qs for the CARER)
6CIT
CLOCK drawing test

Question 17

What is a rapid screening for MILD cognitive dysfxn?

Answer 17

• MoCA (Montreal cognitive assessment)

- assesses multiple cognitve domains

Question 18

What does the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III bridge the gap between?

Answer 18

• MMSE

- neuropsychological assessments

Question 19

What is the ultimate cut-off score for Dementia and MCI on the ACE-III?

Answer 19

• 88/89 out of 100