Project+ PK0-005 > Methodologies & Frameworks > Flashcards

Methodologies & Frameworks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a framework?

A

The processes, tasks, roles, and guiding principles that form the structure of completing work

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2
Q

What is the Scaled Agile Framework?

A

Methodology used to expand Agile practices across multiple teams in an organization

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3
Q

When should you use SAFe?

A

For companies with projects involving multiple teams that need to communicate and collaborate effectively

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4
Q

What is the Software Development Life Cycle?

A

Flexible framework designed to produce high-quality, low-cost, and thoroughly tested software through continual improvement

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5
Q

What is the Waterfall Methodology?

A

A sequential development process that flows like a waterfall through all phases of a project

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6
Q

What are the six phases of the Waterfall Methodology?

A
  1. Requirements
  2. Design
  3. Implementation
  4. Testing
  5. Delivery
  6. Maintenance
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7
Q

What are the advantages of using the Waterfall methodology?

A
  1. Simplicity
  2. Thorough documentation
  3. Ease of understanding
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of using the Waterfall methodology?

A
  1. Inflexibility
  2. High change management costs
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9
Q

When should you use the Waterfall method?

A

When the project has/is:
1. Fixed requirements w/ no unknowns
2. Change costs are very high
2. Short & simple

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10
Q

What is Agile Methodology?

A

A project management approach that involves breaking the project into phases and emphasizes continuous collaboration and improvement

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11
Q

What are the advantages of the Agile method?

A
  • Adaptability
  • Shorter Release Cycles
  • Higher Quality Results
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12
Q

What is Iterative Development?

A

A software development approach that emphasizes the continuous refinement and improvement of a system or product

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13
Q

What are the benefits of Iterative Development?

A
  • Quick response to change
  • Opportunity for early and frequent user feedback
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14
Q

What is Incremental Development?

A

A software development approach that focuses on delivering small, functional parts of a system or product in a step-by-step manner

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of agile?

A
  • Potential Scope Creep
  • Missed deadlines
  • Less Documentation
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16
Q

What is Scrum?

A

The most common agile framework that delivers iterative and adaptive value while intentionally covering only the barest requirements

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17
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

The practice of relying on observation and experimentation

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18
Q

What is Lean Thinking?

A

A practice that focuses on driving improved efficiency by reducing waste, redundancy, and other unnecessary work within a given project

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19
Q

What are the five key values of Scrum?

A
  • Commitment
  • Focus
  • Openness
  • Respect
  • Courage
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20
Q

What are the three pillars of Scrum?

A
  • Transparency
  • Inspection
  • Adaptation
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21
Q

What are the four roles in Scrum?

A
  • Scrum Team
  • Product Owner
  • Scrum Master
  • Developer
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22
Q

What is the Scrum Team’s responsibility?

A

They work together to deliver increments of value

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23
Q

What is the Producty Owner’s responsibility?

A

Create, maintain, and own the product backlog

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24
Q

What is the Scrum Master’s responsibility?

A

To help the team, product owner, and
organization improve the implementation of scrum

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25
What is a **Product Backlog**?
An ordered list of product changes or enhancements
26
What is the **Product Goal**?
The product’s longer-term target, and the product backlog should deliver the product goal
27
What does the *Spring Backlog** consist of?
Includes **what** the team will do, **why** they think it is important, and **how** they will get it done
28
What is the purpose of a **Sprint Goal**?
To summarize the value of the sprint
29
What is an **Increment**?
**A complete body of work that meets the definition of done** and moves toward the product goal
30
What are the different **Scrum Events**?
* Sprint * Daily Scrum * Sprint Review * Sprint Retrospective
31
What is a **Sprint**?
Scrum iteration and the container for all other Scrum events
32
What is the purpose of a **Daily Scrum**?
For the developers to meet to review progress toward the sprint goal and then plan the next 24 hours of work
33
What is the purpose of a **Sprint Review**?
* To uncover issues early when they are small and easy to fix * Reveal previously unknown development ideas * To confirm that the team is on track
34
What is the **advantage** of using Scrum?
* Flexible & consists of short cycles
35
What are the **disadvantages** of Scrum?
* Relies on the organization to respect the product owner’s decisions about the backlog and priorities * Designed for a single, high-performing and cross functional team
36
What are the **six** core practices of **Kanban**?
* Visualizing Work * Limit WIP * Make Policies Explicit * Manage Flow * Implement Feedback Loops * Improve Collaboratively While Evolving Experimentally
37
Work moves through what **three** basic phases?
* To-Do * In Progress * Done
38
What are the **advantages** of **Kanban**?
* Helps teams focus on a reasonable amount of work * Excels at most routine tasks
39
What is **Extreme Programming**?
Another type of **agile framework** designed **specifically for software development**
40
What are the **five** values in the **Extreme Programming** framework?
* Communication * Simplicity * Feedback * Respect * Courage
41
What are the **three** roles in Extreme Programming?
* Customer * Tracker * Coach
42
What is the responsibility of the **Customers** in **XP**?
They decide which features are needed and which are needed next
43
What is the responsibility of the **Tracker** in **XP**?
Captures metrics, measures progress, and looks for improvement opportunities
44
What is the responsibility of the **Coach** in **XP**?
Mentors team members on how to use Extreme Programming practices
45
What are the **most common** practices in XP?
* Paired Programming * Ten-minute Building * Continuous Integration * Test-first Programming
46
What are the **advantages** of XP?
* Very Efficient * Continuous integration, automation, and high rate of adaptability * Team-focused practices and less project failures
47
What is **Paired Programing**?
When two software engineers work side by side to create code at once
48
What is **Ten-minute Building**?
When it should take less than 10 minutes to build, test, and deploy an entire system
49
What is **Continuous Integration**?
The act of merging local code into the main repository at least a few times each day
50
What is **Test-first Programming**?
A practice where developers write tests and then write code to pass the tests
51
What are the **disadvantages** of XP?
* Has limited scope * Code-centric practices can result in less optimal design * Rapid pace **==** stress * Minimal documentation can hinder new team members’ understanding * Relies on face-to-face interaction
52
What is **DevOps**?
A set of practices and tools that integrates and automates the work of software development and IT operations
53
What are the **two** categories of **Software Delivery Process**?
* Software Development * IT Operations
54
The **Software Development** team designs and creates software across what **four** workflow phases?
* **Plan** * **Code** * **Build** * **Test**
55
The **IT operations** team would deploy and support software across what **four** workflow phases?
* **Release** * **Deploy** * **Operate** * **Monitor**
56
Define **Continuous Deployment**
The continuous deployment process prepares the code for production release and deploys it to production
57
What are the **Strengths** of DevOps?
* Great for teams that want to release code often * Companies that want to limit friction * Organizations with the resource to staff cross-functional teams
58
What are the **weaknesses** of DevOps?
* Require significant expertise * Large or legacy systems with minimal automation will find it difficult to quickly switch over to DevOps
59
What is **DevSecOps**?
A development practice where security processes are automated and built in throughout the development process
60
What is **SAFe**?
A methodology used to expand Agile practices across multiple teams in an organization
61
Define **Scaled Agile**.
A term used to describe any methodology that expands agile tools to more than one team
62
What is an **Agile Team**?
Teams are made of three to ten cross functional people working together to deliver increments of value
63
What is an **Agile Release Train (ART)**?
Groups the related teams to simplify communication, planning, and schedules
64
What is a **Program Increment Planning**?
Serves as the ART's planning event and is similar to sprint planning for a single Scrum team
65
What is a **Program Increment**?
A program increment is a fixed-length increment that lasts 8-12 weeks instead of three months
66
What are the **seven** phases of the SDLC?
1. **Planning** 2. **Requirements** 2. **Design & Prototyping** 2. **Development** 2. **Testing** 2. **Deployment** 2. **Operations & Maintenance**
67
What is **PRINCE2**?
A **process-based methodology** that is most common in the UK, EU, Canada, and Australia
68
How does **PRINCE2** aim to control project management processes?
* Creating clear project phases * Clearly defining roles and responsibilities * Predefining tasks to manage the project life cycle
69
**PRINCE2** requires what roles?
* Team Manager * Project Board
70
The **Project Board** in **PRINCE2** includes what three roles?
* Executive * Senior User * Senior Supplier
71
What is the responsibility of the **Executive** in **PRINCE2**?
* Represents the business perspective * The deciding member of the project board * Owns the project’s business case
72
What is the responsibility of the **Senior User** in **PRINCE2**?
To Represent the Customer's Perspective
73
What is the responsibility of the **Senior Supplier** in **PRINCE2**?
To represent the supplier or implementation partner’s perspective
74
What are the best practices does PRINCE2 enforce?
* 7 Principles = Philosophy of PRINCE2 * 7 Themes = Project Manager's Knowledge Areas * 7 Processes = Activities that **MUST** Happen Throughout
75
What are the **7 Principles** of **PRINCE2**?
* Tailor to Suit the Project * Continued Business Justification * Learn from Experience * Defined Roles & Responsibilities * Manage by Stages * Manage by Exception * Focus on Products
76
What are the **7 Themes** of **PRINCE2**?
* Progress * Business Case * Organization * Quality * Plans * Risk * Change
77
What are the **7 Processes** of **PRINCE2**?
* Starting Up * Initiating * Directing * Controlling a Stage * Managing Delivery * Managing a Stage Boundary * Closing
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