Negative externalities of production
Where the social costs of producing a good are greater than the private costs of producing the good
Trade pollution permits
Licenses which allow firms to pollute up to a certain amount. These permits can be bought and sold
Regulation
Laws to address market failure and promote competition between firms
Positive externalities of consumption
When the social benefits of consuming a good are larger than the private benefits of consuming that good.
Free rider problem
People who do not pay for a public good still recieve benefits of that good.