Micro l

Question 1

Staph Aureus

• type of bug
• how do contract?
• what problems?

Answer 1

• gram+ cocci
• TRUE food poisoning (bc toxin), post viral URI pneumonia
• TRICUSPID endocarditis (R-side) in IV drug users; Pneumonia, Scalded Skin Syn, Septic Arthritis, Osteomyelitis

Question 2

GAS - what is it?

- problems it causes?

Answer 2

Group A Streptococci (think pie scene)

• Gram+ Cocci
• Strep Throat
• PSGN, Impetigo, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic F
• anti M protein Abs
• betahemolytic, catalase NEG

Question 3

What is Salmonella’s defense?

Answer 3

injects peptide into m0 to prevent uptake

- but its also FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR M0

Question 4

1 Cause of Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Dz

Answer 4

Salmonella Typhi

• remember TYPHOID MARY
• also causes HA, myalgia, malaise, F

Question 5

Pea soup diarrhea vs Inflam. diarrhea

Answer 5

Salmonella Typhi vs Salmonella Enteritidis

Question 6

Both Salmonella - type of bacteria?

characteristics?

Answer 6

Salmonella Typhi and Enteritidis
gram -
- motile, encapsulated, acid labile, facultative intracellular

Question 7

Reactive TB - when it affects the bone (spine) is called?

Answer 7

Pott’s Dz

Question 8

Reactive TB can affect the CNS and cause?

Answer 8

Meningitis and Tuburculoma

Question 9

Sxs of Reactive TB

Answer 9

cough, hemoptysis, nightsweats

Question 10

3 types of Infx of TB

- what is MC?

Answer 10

1. Healed Latent Infx
2. Systemic Infx
3. Reactivation

Question 11

How is Mycobacterium spread?

Answer 11

respiratory droplets
proliferates in M0
- obligate aerobe

Question 12

What vaccine is used for TB?

What screening test is positive for those vaccinated?

Answer 12

BCG vaccine

- PPD (+ for active, latent, and vaccinated)

Question 13

Primary Infx of TB usu seen in what pop?

what part of LU? what is this called?

Answer 13

children
LOWER/middle lobes —> fibrosis and calcification
- GHON COMPLEX

Question 14

Systemic infx of TB also called?

Answer 14

MILIARY TB

- in bone, LR, lymph

Question 15

The TB infx is contained w the help of TNFalpha release and causes what?

Answer 15

CASEATING GRANULOMAS

- but in reactivation, there is a decrease in TNFalpha

Question 16

In REACTIVATION of TB what lobes of the LU are affected?

Answer 16

UPPER

Question 17

What kind of Salmonella do you see in undercooked Chicken?

Answer 17

Salmonella Enteritidis

Question 18

Strep Agalactia is also know as?

What problems does it cause?

Answer 18

Group B Strep - Gram+ Cocci

• newborns
• penumonia, meningitis, sepsis
• beta hemolytic

Question 19

Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Lobal Pneumonia w RUSTY SPUTUM assoc w what bug?

Answer 19

Strep Pneumonia

Question 20

Strep Pneumonia is what type?

has what virulence factor?

Answer 20

gram + cocci

- IgA Protease

Question 21

What bug is assoc w previously damaged valves of HT causing endocarditis?

Answer 21

Strep Viridans - gram+ cocci
think DENTAL CARIES
also, can cause septicemia

Question 22

What bug has a toxin that prevents release of ACh at neuromuscular jx, is an anaerobe, and gram + bacilli?

Answer 22

Clostridium Botulinum

Question 23

Anthrax causing bug? type?
Characteristic lesion?
Causes what?

Answer 23

Bacillus Anthracis - gram+ rods in chains

• cutaneous black ESCHAR
• pulm hemorrhage
• lethal factor, edema factor
• see WIDENED MEDIASTINUM

Question 24

What bug has a toxin that prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine?

Answer 24

Clostridium Tetani - gram+ bacilli

• obligate anaerobe
• spores

Question 25

What bug causes PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS and diarrhea w toxin in stool?

Answer 25

Clostridium Difficile - gram+ bacilli | - exotoxin A and B

Question 26

Corynebacterium Diphtehriae - remember bull scene - type? spread how? - characteristic finding? - problems?

Answer 26

gram+ bacilli - resp droplets - gray pseudomembrane on tonsils and throat - "BULL'S NECK" LA - MYOCARDITIS, arrhythmia, HT block - DEMYELINATION OF NERVES

Question 27

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Answer 27

``` think plumber gram+ cocci coag - surgical infx subacute endocarditis ```

Question 28

Stapyhlococcus Saprophyticus

Answer 28

think flirty girl w plumber coag- UTI, F sexually active

Question 29

Strep Enterococci

Answer 29

URI

Question 30

Neisseria - type of bug - virulence factors?

Answer 30

Gram- DIPLOCOCCI Pilus w antigenic variation IgA Protease

Question 31

What can Neisseria Meningitidis ferment? how is it transmitted? how does it protect itself?

Answer 31

Maltose and Glucose - gram- diplococci - respiratory droplets - colonizes nasopharynx - THINK DEAD COLLEGE BOY - polysaccharide capsule inhibits phagocytosis

Question 32

Waterhouse Friderichsen is assoc w what? How does this happen?

Answer 32

when adrenals infarct Neisseria Meningitidis - bad inflammation -> thrombocytopenia -> petechiae//DIC -> capillary leakage -> hypovolemia -> infarct ** MENINGOCOCCEMIA

Question 33

Neisseria Meningitidis obv causes Meningitis. What are SSx?

Answer 33

purpuric rash, HA, nuchal rigidity, Fever

Question 34

Neisseria Gonorrheae | characteristics?

Answer 34

gram- diplococci no capsule unlike meningitidis catalase+, oxidase+ FERMENTS GLUCOSE makes IgA that is not detectable by humans pilia attach to mucosal surface and evade phagocytosis facultative intracellular in PMNs

Question 35

What bug can cause purulent conjunctivitis in newborns?

Answer 35

Neisseria Gonorrheae

Question 36

PID and white purulent dc assoc w?

Answer 36

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Question 37

post-antibiotic therapy - see diarrhea - assoc w ?

Answer 37

C. difficile

Question 38

What bug causes Gas Gangrene?

Answer 38

Clostridium Perfingens - think motorcycle dude - myonecrosis

Question 39

What bug is assoc w slow onset food poisoning?

Answer 39

C. perfingens (gm+ rod) | - ingest SPORES, then toxin released - LOTS of TOXIN (alpha)

Question 40

What bug is the MC cause of TRAUMATIC EYE INFX?

Answer 40

B. cereus (gm+ rod, in soil) | - beta-hemolytic

Question 41

What bug is assoc w food poisoning in BAKED GOODS and RICE?

Answer 41

B. cereus

Question 42

What bug is CLUB SHAPED?

Answer 42

C. diptheriae (gm+ bacilli) - common on the skin and respiratory tract - remember gray pseudomembrane, myocarditis

Question 43

What causes a fatal neonatal dz - granulomatosis infatiseptica

Answer 43

``` Listeria Monocytogenes (gm+ bacilli) - think santa ```

Question 44

Listeria Monocytogenes | characteristics?

Answer 44

``` gm+ bacilli beta-hemolytic catalase+ LISTERIOLYSIN 0 to replicate in M0 animals are primary reservoir - HT AND BRAIN ```

Question 45

What does E. coli ferment?

Answer 45

LACTOSE | vs other GI bugs that don't

Question 46

E. coli | shared characteristics

Answer 46

``` gm- bacilli MC cause of UTI LPS -> septicemia, gastroenteritis part of normal flora catalase+, pili, K antigen on capsule ```

Question 47

``` EHEC assoc w what food? what toxin? specific name? problems? ```

Answer 47

- undercooked meat - shiga-like toxin - 0157:H7 - hemolysis, HUS, acute renal failure - can transmit toxin producing gene to normal flora

Question 48

ETEC also called? problems?

Answer 48

travelers diarrhea- watery! (think water truck) | - SI Dz, N/V/D

Question 49

bug on eggshells - eat it now you have F, N/V/D and cramping, think...

Answer 49

Salmonella enteritidis (gm- bacilli)

Question 50

How is Shigella dysenteriae transmitted? type of bug? problems?

Answer 50

think GORILLA gram- bacilli (S. sonnei is MC in US) - abd cramps, pus bloody diarrhea - shiga-toxin - transmitted via 4 F's: food, feces, finger, flies - acid-stable (vs salmonella), lives in M cells

Question 51

What bug causes lobar pneumonia and is assoc w alcoholics, abscess, and aspiration?

Answer 51

Klebsiella pneumoniae, gm- bacilli - THINK DINOSAUR - currant jelly sputum, nonmotile, capsule - nosocomial (multidrug resistant) - also causes UTI

Question 52

What does Klebsiella penumoniae and Enterobacter ferment?

Answer 52

LACTOSE both gm- bacilli enterobacter is motile vs klebsiella

Question 53

from animal feces in cold climates that can cause bloody diarrhea w fever? DDX:

Answer 53

Yersinia enterocolitica, gm- bacilli - nonfatal - APPENDICITIS

Question 54

What bug is assoc w Bubonic Plague - is fatal if untx - see LA - how do you get it? - what other problems can it cause?

Answer 54

Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli - fleas or inhalation - PNEUMONIC PLAGUE -> hemorrhagic penumonia - abscess in organs, DIC

Question 55

What bug is assoc w "safety pin" or a bipolar stain pattern?

Answer 55

Yersinia pestis, gm- bacilli | - capsulated