Microbes

Question 1

bacteria are

prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 1

prokaryotes

Question 2

fungi are

prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 2

eukaryotes

Question 3

eukaryotes?

Answer 3

cells with membrane-bound organelles and nucleus

Question 4

structure of gram-positive bacteria

Answer 4

plasma membrane with thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 5

structure of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 5

plasma membrane with thin peptidoglycan +outer membrane cell wall

Question 6

Folate Pathway?

Answer 6

synthesize building blocks for replication and proliferation of bacterial cells

Question 7

products of folate pathway

Answer 7

methionine and histidine

Question 8

DNA gyrase

Answer 8

type of topoisomerase

Question 9

topoisomerase?

Answer 9

for negative supercoiling to DNA to prevent tangling

Question 10

staphylococcus - gram-positive or negative?

Answer 10

gram-positive cocci

Question 11

staph spp is often seen in

Answer 11

pairs (diplococci) or quads (tetrads)

Question 12

T/F

staph. spp can be commensal or opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

large ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes?

Answer 13

50S

Question 14

main function of the 50S ribosomal subunit?

Answer 14

Provides a hydrophobic surface for proper protein folding and assembly

Question 15

enzyme activity of 50S subunit?

Answer 15

Peptidyl transferase

Question 16

function of Peptidyl transferase?

Answer 16

forms peptide bonds

Question 17

small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes?

Answer 17

30S

Question 18

major functions of the 30S ribosomal subunit?

Answer 18

• binds mRNA and aligns tRNA to mRNA codon

Question 19

ribosome prokaryotes form when 30S and 50S join?

Answer 19

70S

Question 20

What enzyme performs transcription in prokaryotes?

Answer 20

DNA-directed RNA polymerase

Question 21

.

Answer 21

.

Question 22

wha type of bacterial organism of Staph. ?

Answer 22

facultative anaerobes

Question 23

most common opportunistic Staph spp in dogs

Answer 23

Staph. pseudintermedius

Staph. schleiferi

Question 24

most common opportunistic Staph spp in cats

Answer 24

Staph. pseudintermedius

Staph. aureus

Question 25

most common opportunistic Staph spp in horses

Answer 25

Staph. aureus Staph. hyicus Staph. delphini

Question 26

cell-wall structure of fungi

Answer 26

composed of chitin and glucan - polysaccharide scaffold

Question 27

T/F cell-wall is hidden by a capsule to prevent detection

Answer 27

True

Question 28

plasma membrane of fungi is composed of

Answer 28

ergosterol

Question 29

What species is Malassezia pachydermatis most common in?

Answer 29

Dogs and cats

Question 30

What nutrient does Malassezia pachydermatis require to grow?

Answer 30

Fat (lipid-dependent growth)

Question 31

Why does Malassezia pachydermatis grow in certain areas of the body?

Answer 31

It prefers oily, sebaceous-rich regions

Question 32

What clinical signs occur with Malassezia overgrowth?

Answer 32

pruritus and signs of chronic inflammation

Question 33

biofilm?

Answer 33

structured community of microbes

Question 34

What organisms can form biofilms?

Answer 34

Bacteria and fungi

Question 35

What does a biofilm allow microbes to do?

Answer 35

Stick to each other and to surfaces (living or non-living)

Question 36

How do biofilms protect microorganisms?

Answer 36

shelter organisms from desiccation, antibiotics, host immune system, environmental stress

Question 37

Clinical relevance of biofilms?

Answer 37

make infections chronic, persistent, and harder to treat

Question 38

Tropism?

Answer 38

directional growth of an organism in response to a stimuli

Question 39

viral disease with skin tropism

Answer 39

- herpesvirus - papillomavirus - poxvirus