Biology 2060 > Microbial Diversity > Flashcards

Microbial Diversity Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Domain Archae

A
  • Pseudo-peptidoglycan cell walls
  • Plasma membrane is a monolayer
  • Many live under extreme conditions
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2
Q

Halobacterium

A
  • Domain Archaea

- Halophile that lives in conditions of very high salt

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3
Q

Thermoplasma

A
  • Domain Archaea

- Lives in very hot conditions like the deep sea vent

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4
Q

Phylum Proteobacteria

A
  • Gram negative bacteria that are chemoheterotrophs
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5
Q

Enterobacteriales

A
  • Phylum Proteobacteria
  • Order
  • Straight rods; motile; facultative anaerobes
    E.g. Salmonella, Eschericia
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6
Q

Salmonella

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

Order: Enterobacteriales

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7
Q

Eschericia

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

Order: Enterobacteriales

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8
Q

Streptococcus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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9
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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10
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
- Indicator of fecal contamination

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11
Q

Pseudomonales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

  • Order
  • Straight or slightly curved
  • Obligate aerobes (mostly)
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12
Q

Pasteurellales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria

  • Order
  • Non-motile
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13
Q

Pasterurella

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order Pasterurellales
Ex: P.multocida

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14
Q

Haemophilus

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order Pasterurellales
Ex: H. influenza

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15
Q

Virbionales

A

Phylum Proteobacteria
Order
- Slightly curved & major cause of fish diseases
E.g. Vibrio cholerae & V. parahaemolyticus

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16
Q

Class alpha-proteobacteria

A
  • Capable of growth at low levels of nutrients

- Nitogen fixing bacteria and several human pathogens

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17
Q

Rhizobium

A

Class alpha- proteobacteria

  • Symbiotic with legumes
  • Fix nitrogen from atmosphere into ammonia
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18
Q

Nitrosomonas

A

Class alpha- proteobacteria

  • Found in soil
  • Converts ammonia to nitrites
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19
Q

Nitrobacter

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • Found in soil
  • Converts nitrites to nitrates
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20
Q

Agrobacterium

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • A. tumefasciens: causes plant tumors
  • Inserts DNA into plant chromosome during infection
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21
Q

Rickettsia

A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • Obligate cellular parasite
  • Transmitted between hosts of ticks or insects (ex. R. ricketsii)
  • Enter by phagocytosis
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22
Q

R. ricketsii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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23
Q

Acetobacter

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A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

- converts ethanol into vinegar

24
Q

Wolbachia

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A

Class alpha-proteobacteria

  • most common infectious bacterial genus
  • Only infects invertebrates
25
Class beta-proteobacteria
Many use anaerobic breakdown products as nutrients
26
Thiobacillus
Class beta-proteobacteria - Aerobic assimilation of sulfur - Oxidize H2S
27
Neisseria
Class beta-proteobacteria | - Inhabit mucous membranes
28
Zooglea
Class beta-proteobacteria | - Aerobic breakdown of sewage in treatment. plants
29
Bordetella
Class beta-proteobacteria | - B. parapetussis: whooping cough
30
Class delta-proteobacteria
Predatory on other bacteria - sulfur cycle - mostly microaerophilic
31
Campylobacter
Class delta-proteobacteria Ex: C.fetus: spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep C. jejuni: poultry-borne source of intestinal traumas in humans
32
Helicobacter pylori
Class delta-proteobacteria | - Peptic and duodenal ulcers
33
Phylum Firmicutes
- Gram positives | - Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Listeria
34
Bacillus
- Aerobic or facultative anaerobic - Form endospores - Common cause of milk spoilage
35
B. anthracis
Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacillus - anthrax - soil contamination
36
B. thuringiensis
Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacillus - produces a protein crystal next to endospore - intestinal pH activates protein
37
B. cereus
Phylum Firmicutes Class Bacillus - important agent in food poisoning in starch foods
38
Staphylococcus
Phylum Firmicutes - irregular clusters of cocci - facultative anaerobes E.g. S.aureus
39
Listeria
Phylum Firmicutes - problem in food processing E.g. L. monocytogenes
40
Lactobacillus
Class Lactobacillales - Anaerobic aerotolerants - produce lactic acid during fermentation - considered a probiotic
41
Streptococcus
Phylum Firmicutes - chain arrangement of cocci - facultative anaerobes - hemolysis common (Group A beta: S.pyogenes; strep throat, scarlet fever) (Group B Beta: S. agalactiae; cause of teat mastitis in cows)
42
S. pneumoniae
Streptococcus - non hemolytic - bacterial pneumonia and meningitis
43
S. lactis
Streptococcus | - production of cheese
44
Class Clostridiales
Phylum FIrmicutes | - Clostridium: strict anaerobes, form endospores
45
Class Mycoplasmatales
Phylum Firmicutes - mycoplasma - lack any cell wall - generallt facultative anaerobes - veterinary diseases
46
Mycoplasma hypophenumonia
Phylum Firmicutes Class Mycoplasmatales - pneumonia in swine
47
M. gallisepticum
Phylum Firmicutes Class Mycoplasmatales - respiratory disease in chickens
48
Phylum Cyanobacteria
- photoautotrophic - have a series of internal membranes - live in moist areas - many can fix nitrogen E.g. Anabena & Prochlorococcus
49
Phylum Actinobacteria
Gram positives with high G+C content in DNA
50
Mycobacterium
Phylum Actinobacteria | - cell wall similar to gram-negative
51
Corynebacterium
Phylum Actinobacteria - Pleomorphic E.g. C. diphtheriae
52
Streptomyces
Phylum Actinobacteria - very common in soil - reproductive asexual spores - many antibiotics come form this
53
Phylum Chlamydiae
- Chlamydia - remains in cell vacuole e. g. C. trachomatis; sexually transmitted urinary infection
54
Phylum Spirochaetes
- wide array of environments | E.g. Treponema pallidum & Borrelia burgdorferi
55
Treponema pallidum
Phylum Spirochaetes | - cause of syphillus
56
Borrelia burgdorferi
Phylum Spirochaetes | - cause of lyme disease
57
Phylum Bacteroidetes
- Bacteroides - extremelt abundant in human intestinal tract - anaerobic E.g. B. succinogenes & B. ruminicola
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