Microbiology

Question 1

cytoplasm

Answer 1

cellular jelly in which organelles are suspended and gives form to the cell

Question 2

centriole

Answer 2

aid in cellular division

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

powerhouse of the cell

Question 4

smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 4

makes lipids (fats) and packages proteins to be delivered out of the cell

Question 5

nuclear membrane

Answer 5

protects the nucleus and nucleolus and helps to transport DNA material from the nucleus

Question 6

ribosome

Answer 6

protein factories

Question 7

golgi body / golgi apparatus

Answer 7

changes, packages, and transports materials out of the cell

Question 8

rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 8

makes lipids (fats) and packages proteins to be delivered out of the cell; contains ribosomes

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

protects the cell from the outside environment and gives the cell its shape

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

the brain of the cell which contains DNA and is responsible for all cell functions

Question 11

bacteria

Answer 11

contains one cell; most microorganisms; various shapes; reproduce by binary fission

Question 12

microns

Answer 12

unit of measurement for microorganisms

Question 13

cocci

Answer 13

round or sphere-shaped

Question 14

bacilli

Answer 14

rod-shaped

Question 15

spirochetes

Answer 15

spiral-shaped

Question 16

vibrios

Answer 16

shaped like a comma

Question 17

diplococci

Answer 17

shape is formed in pairs

Question 18

staphylococci

Answer 18

shape is formed in clusters

Question 19

streptococci

Answer 19

shape is formed in chains

Question 20

aerobic bacteria

Answer 20

bacteria that requires oxygen

Question 21

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 21

bacteria that doesn’t require oxygen

Question 22

gram-positive bacteria

Answer 22

stains purple or blue; enterococcus; lactobacillus’ myobacterium (causes tuberculosis); staphlococci; streptococci

Question 23

gram-negative bacteria

Answer 23

strains red or pink; more complex due to ingredient-filled cell walls; Escherichia coli; bordetella pertussis; pseudomonas

Question 24

resistant bacteria

Answer 24

caused by overuse of antibiotics; Ex) MRSA

Question 25

pathogens

Answer 25

disease-producing or disease-causing

Question 26

viruses

Answer 26

smallest of all microorganisms; more resistant to chemical disinfectants than bacteria; no cells; survive by relying on host; can't be treated with antibiotics

Question 27

lysis

Answer 27

process in which particles contained in virus leave the host by budding or bursting out of cell

Question 28

protozoa

Answer 28

AKA paramecium; single celled organisms classified by mode of movement; no cell walls; reproduce asexually & sexually

Question 30

protozoa

Answer 30

AKA paramecium; single-celled organisms classified by mode of movement; no cell walls; reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 31

parasitic organisms

Answer 31

protozoa that form diseases in humans

Question 32

fungi

Answer 32

single-celled molds or yeasts; develop from spores or hyphae; Ex) tinea pedis / athlete's foot

Question 33

spores

Answer 33

specialized structures of bacteria that are highly resistant to sterilization and extremely difficult to destroy

Question 34

prions

Answer 34

constructed from protein-like matter; extremely difficult to kill during sterilization; contribute to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) / human form of Mad Cow Disease

Question 35

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 35

infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans

Question 36

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 36

causative agent of AIDS; transmitted through needle sharing, needle sticks, and blood exposure both sexually and perinatally (from mother to fetus)

Question 37

hepatitis C / HCV / Hep C

Answer 37

transmission associated with drug use, blood transfusion, transplant from infected donor, or unsafe injection practices in healthcare

Question 38

hepatitis B / HBV / Hep B

Answer 38

greatest Bloodborne risk to healthcare workers; transmitted by needle sticks, sharps, injuries, and exposure to blood and other potentially infectious material; required to receive vaccine

Question 39

occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) bloodborne pathogens standard

Answer 39

(1992) protects any employee who has a reasonably anticipated risk of occupational blood or body fluid exposure based on his or her job duties

Question 40

eyewash stations

Answer 40

required by OSHA close to areas where contamination may occur; handsfree and provide 15 minutes of continuous flow with fluid between 60-100F