Microcirculation

Question 1

List the vasodilators of microcirculation

Answer 1

1. NO
2. EDRF
3. EDHF
4. PGI₂
5. Bradykinin
6. Histamine

Question 2

List the vasoconstrictors of microcirculation

Answer 2

1. Endothelin
2. EDCF
3. Angiotensin II

Question 3

What pharmocological agent produces endothelium independent vasodilation?

Answer 3

Sodium nitroprusside - acts on smooth muscle directly

Question 4

Composition of the interstitium

Answer 4

-Collagen fibers
-Proteoglycan filament

Question 5

Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 5

Question 6

Types of capillaries

Answer 6

Question 7

Starling’s law

Answer 7

Question 8

Starling forces

Illustration

Answer 8

Question 9

Does protein enter capillaries or lymp venules more regularly on a daily basis?

Answer 9

Lymph venules

Question 10

Causes of edema

Answer 10

1. Increased filtration pressure
2. Decreased osmotic pressure gradient across capillary
3. Increased capillary permeability
4. Inadequate lymph flow

Question 11

Increased filtration pressure can result in edema. What can result in increased filtration pressure?

Answer 11

1. Ateriolar dilation
2. Venular constriction
3. Increased venous pressure (i.e. HF, incompetent valves, venous obstruction)
4. Increased total ECF volume - effect of gravity)

Question 12

Decreased osmotic pressure gradient across capillaries can result in edema, what can result in the decreased gradient?

Answer 12

1. Decreased plasma protein level
2. Accumulation of osmotically active substances in the interstitial space

Question 13

Increased capillary permeability can result in edema, what can result in this increased permeability?

Answer 13

1. Substance P
2. Histamine and related substances (i.e. kinin)

Question 14

What can result in inadequate lymph flow?

Answer 14

Occlusion to the vessel