Microsoft Command Line Tool

Question 1

File management

Answer 1

• dir
• List files and directories
• cd
• Change working directory
• Use backslash \ to specify volume or folder name
• ..
• Two dots/periods
• The folder above the current folder

Question 2

shutdown

Answer 2

• Shutdown a computer
• And optionally restart
• shutdown /s /t nn
• Wait nn seconds, then shutdown
• shutdown /r /t nn
• Shutdown and restart after nn seconds
• shutdown /a
• Abort the countdown!

Question 3

dism

Answer 3

• Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
• Manage Windows Imaging Format (WIM) files
• Make changes to your image with DISM
• Get information about an image
• Update applications
• Manage drivers
• Manage updates
• Mount an image
• All command-line based
• Many different options
• Easy to automate

Question 4

sfc

Answer 4

• Scan integrity of all protected system files

* sfc /scannow

Question 5

Check Disk

Answer 5

• chkdsk /f
• Fixes logical file system errors on the disk
• chkdsk /r
• Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information
• Implies /f
• If volume is locked, run during startup

Question 6

DiskPart

Answer 6

• Manage disk configurations

* diskpart - start the DiskPart command interpreter

Question 7

TaskList

Answer 7

• Manage tasks from the command line
• No Task Manager required!
• tasklist
• Displays a list of currently running processes
• Local or remote machine

Question 8

taskkill

Answer 8

• Manage tasks from the command line
• No Task Manager required!
• Terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name
• TASKKILL /IM notepad.exe
• TASKKILL /PID 1234 /T

Question 9

Group Policy

Answer 9

• Group Policy
• Manage computers in an Active Directory Domain
• Group Policy is usually updated at login

Question 10

Managing Group Policy

Answer 10

• gpupdate
• Force a Group Policy update
• gpupdate /target:{computer|user} /force
• gpupdate /target:professor /force
• gpresult
• Verify policy settings for a computer or user
• gpresult /r
• gpresult /user sgc/professor /v

Question 11

Format

Answer 11

• Formats a disk for use with Windows

* format c:

Question 12

Copy

Answer 12

• Copy files from one location to another
•copy (/a, /v, /y)
•/v - Verifies that new files are written correctly
•/y - Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to
overwrite an existing destination file

Question 13

Xcopy

Answer 13

• Copies files and directory trees

* xcopy /s Documents m:\backups

Question 14

Robust Copy

Answer 14

• robocopy
• A better Xcopy
• Included with Windows 7, 8.1, and 10

Question 15

ipconfig

Answer 15

• Most of your troubleshooting starts with your IP address
• Ping your local router/gateway
• Determine TCP/IP and network adapter information
• And some additional IP details
• View additional configuration details
• DNS servers, DHCP server, etc

Question 16

ping

Answer 16

• Test reachability
• Determine round-trip time
• Uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• One of your primary troubleshooting tools
• Can you ping the host?
• Written by Mike Muuss in 1983
• The sound made by sonar
• Not an acronym for Packet INternet Groper

Question 17

tracert

Answer 17

• Determine the route a packet takes to a destination
• Map the entire path
• Takes advantage of ICMP Time to Live Exceeded message
• The time in TTL refers to hops, not seconds or minutes
• TTL=1 is the first router, TTL=2 is the second router, etc.
• Not all devices will reply with ICMP Time Exceeded
• Some firewalls filter ICMP
• ICMP is low-priority for many devices

Question 18

Flavors of traceroute

Answer 18

• Not all traceroutes are the same
• Minor differences in the transmitted payload
• Windows commonly sends ICMP echo requests
• Receives ICMP time exceeded messages
• And an ICMP echo reply from the final/destination device
• Unfortunately, outgoing ICMP is commonly filtered

• Some operating systems allow you to specify the protocol
Linux, Unix, Mac OS, etc.

• IOS devices send UDP datagrams over port 33434
• The port number can be changed with extended options
• The mechanics of traceroute

Question 19

netstat

Answer 19

• Network statistics
• Many different operating systems
• netstat -a
• Show all active connections
• netstat -b
• Show binaries (Windows)
• netstat -n
• Do not resolve names

Question 20

nslookup

Answer 20

• Lookup information from DNS servers
• Canonical names, IP addresses, cache timers, etc.
• Lookup names and IP addresses
• Many different options

Question 21

net

Answer 21

• Windows network commands

• View network resources
• net view \
• net view /workgroup:
• Map a network share to a drive letter
• net use h: \\

• View user account information and reset passwords
•net user
•net user * /domain
Net user loginname /DOMAIN /active:YES