Middle Age Flashcards by Sophia Magbag

Middle Adulthood Erikson Age

40-65

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Young Adulthood Erikson Age

19-40

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Advanced Maternal Age

> 35 years

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What is the “Positivity Effect”

pay more attention and recall positive stimuli
less amygdala reactivity with negative stimuli
-how perception changes with age

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Memory and Information Process Changes

slower processing speed, trouble filtering distracting stimuli
slower processing (due to diabetes, chronic pain) with increased problem solving
perceived memory loss (no difference)

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DIetary Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Caffeine: moderate (2-3 cups/day) lowers risks of dementia
Alcohol: WHO: no level safe
Mediterranean Diet: fruit, veg, grains, low red meat

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Presbyopia

Loss of visual acuity from:
-thickening of lens (can’t see up close)
-build up of debris and deterioration of light receptors in retina –> age-related macular degeneration

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Other Vision Changes

Difficulty adjusting to changes in light
-pupil does not dilate or contrict
-difficulty seeing at night

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Presbycusis

nerve and inner ear deteriorate
difficulty with high frequency sound waves (microwave beep)

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Common Causes of Hearing Changes with Age

can be exacerbated by smoking, HBP, and diabetes
or due to chronic noise exposure (affects 25% of US adults)

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Skin Sensitivity Changes

loss of elasticity, sensitive to hot/cold

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Propioceptive Changes

more prone to lose balance, falls, ankle injurys

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Sarcopenia

age-related muscle loss
1-2%/year loss in adults 50+

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Metabolism Changes

decreased BMR, less energy needed at rest

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Skin Changes

loss of elasticity, thickness, water, fat
appears loose
wrinkles, age spots, sagging
increased risk of skin cancer, decreased with sun protecting

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Ostepenia

weaking of bones
T-score: -1.0–2.4
weaker than healthy bone

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Osteoporosis is characterized by…

T-score lower than -2.5
higher risk for fractures
may cause pain, bone fragility, increased with for deformities

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta

inherited disorder of extreme fragile bones
“brittle bone disease”

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Osteoporosis

more common in females
risks can be reduced through diet (calcium, vitamin D)
and exercise (strength training, weight bearing) to support balance, metabolism and cognition

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Female Hormonal Changes Due to Pregnancy

estrogen and progesterone peak, relaxation of ligaments and joints

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Menopause Hormonal Changes

(40-60)
estrogen peaks at 30 then drops

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Premenopause

irregular cycles

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Perimenopause

irregular cycles
can still get pregnant
“hot flashes”
brain fog, memory

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Postmenopause

no cycle for a year
embarrassment, loss of control, anxiety
wisdom, mentor others, new chapter of life

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Male Hormonal Changes

testosterone peaks in 20s, steadily drops in 30s loss of muscle mass and strength, increased fatigue erectile dysfunction

Andropause

40-45 years, sperm cell production decreases

Erectile Dysfunction

obesity, diabetes, HBP, depression contribute risk of CVD and dementia treatment with viagra and cialis

Formal Thought

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emerges in adolescence through adulthood hypothetical, deductive reasoning and abstract thinking

Postformal Thought

intuitive thinking from experience combined with formal operations = relativism

Relativism

thinking is an outcome of experience and wisdom accumulated

Verbal and Semantic Memory

remains consistent and increases into middle adulthood

Working Memory

becomes less efficient processing speed and short term storage peaks in young adulthood, declining with age

________ can improve working memory

effective memory strategies and engaging in physical exercise

Problem Solving Changes

everyday tasks improve in middle adulthood from accumulated experience

development of expertise in career or field of interest from

continued deliberate practice, experts can use automatic processing, better strategies and more creative problem solving in domain

Role Expansion

relationships, work, homes, communities increased self control and accomplisment (mastery)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

resist temptation to rest on accomplishments (stagnation) focus on mentoring, productive and creative endeavors beneficial to self and society (generativity)

Humor and Sublimation

anxiety channelled toward a productive outlet = mature, promoting positive aging

Denial and Acting Out

inhibit growth and well-being = immature

"Midlife Crisis"

push and pull inner psyche reality of facing aging and death w/o established careers and family lives women: empty nest syndrome men: buy fancy cars

Midlife Crisis is a stage to _________

challenge and motivate healthy growth and avoid stagnation challenging for men, greatest psychological distress

"The Sandwich Generation"

middle adulthood sandwiched between the needs of younger and older generations Leads to caregiver overload/burden

Family Medical Leave Act

protects an adult's job while taking time to care for themselves or family member not paid in USA

Leading Causes of Death in Middle Age

Cancer, CVD

Cancer Prevalence

average diagnosis of top 10 at 60+ years average age of all is 66 years Breast most common in females Prostate most common in males Lung and colon 2nd and 3rd for both

Cancer is a complex _______

interaction of heredity, biological agings and environmental factors

Modifiable Risks Factors For Cancer

Smoking, Vaccines, Diet (colorectal), Alcohol (oral, esophageal)

HPV vaccine decreases risk for

cervical, penile, vaginal and anal cancer

Hep B Vaccine decreases risk for

colorectal

Silent Killers for CVD

blood pressure, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis

Resting Heart Rate ____ with age

decreases

Blood pressure ____ with age

increases

Respiratory rate ____ with age

decreases

Heart Attack Symptoms for males and females

pain in jaw, neck, back, chest pain or squeeze feel like you can't breathe sick to your stomach

Heart Attack Symptoms unique to females

tired or anxious fainting or dizziness indigestion pain or pressure in lower chest/upper abdomen

Unintentional Injuries

OD/accidental poisoning MVA, drowning, falls

WHO BMI for obesity

>= 30

Rate of obesity ____ with middle age

increases (loss of muscle, slower metabolism)

____ is considered adult-onset diabetes

Type II Diabetes

Wellness and Prevention

Mammogram starting at 40, earlier if higher risk Colonoscopy starting at 45, earlier if higher risk regular skin checks, 40 years annually Diet, Exercise

Middle Age Flashcards

(60 cards)