Midterm #1 - Open Science

Question 1

basic idea of open science (3 components)

Answer 1

• transparency
• rigour
• credibility

Question 2

open access - green

Answer 2

• made available by researchers

Question 3

open access - gold

Answer 3

• made available by journals
• fees

Question 4

open access - platinum

Answer 4

• made available by journals
• no fees

Question 5

preregistration

Answer 5

• specifying your research plan in advance and submitting it to a registry

Question 6

confirmatory research

Answer 6

• hypothesis testing
• data-independent
• inferences drawn to a wider population

Question 7

exploratory research

Answer 7

• hypothesis generating
• data-dependent
• not useful for inferences
• results replicated and confirmed

Question 8

peer review stage one

Answer 8

1. well founded hypothesis?
2. methods and analyses feasible and detailed?
3. is the study well powered?

Question 9

peer review stage two

Answer 9

1. follow protocol?
2. conclusion justified by data?
3. find participating journals

Question 10

what is the goal of preregistration?

Answer 10

• improve research transparency
• reduce false positives

Question 11

communism (why act openly)

Answer 11

• common ownership with scientific goals
• promotes collaboration

Question 12

universalism (why act openly)

Answer 12

• scientific validity independent of the sociopolitical status/personal attributes of the participants

Question 13

disinterestedness (why act openly)

Answer 13

• benefit of common scientific enterprise, not personal gain

Question 14

organized skepticism

Answer 14

• claims should be exposed to scrutiny before being accepted

Question 15

open science

Answer 15

• practice of freely sharing scientific work in all stages of research processes

Question 16

direct replication

Answer 16

• mimic original study
• repeat method exactly

Question 17

conceptual replications

Answer 17

• confirm previous findings by using different methods to test same hypothesis

Question 18

reproducibility

Answer 18

• reanalyzing data, see if new analysis produces same numbers

Question 19

preregistered (3 badges of open science)

Answer 19

• researchers publicly shared their hypothesis, research design plans, info about potential sample, and intended analysis strategies
• before starting data collection

Question 20

open materials (3 badges of open science)

Answer 20

• researchers have documented their study’s methods
• make all research materials available

Question 21

open data (3 badges of open science)

Answer 21

• researchers have posted all of the data they collected
• post steps while analyzing data