Midterm 1 Terms

Question 1

Monophyletic group

Answer 1

Includes all descendants and their common ancestor

Question 2

Polyphyletic group

Answer 2

Includes more than one common ancestor group

Question 3

Tinsel flagellum

Answer 3

Has hair-like structures which look similar to tinsel.

Question 4

Whiplash flagellum

Answer 4

Found on chytridiomycota, are smooth with a bend at the end.

Question 5

Zygosporangium

Answer 5

Thick-walled structure produced by zygomycete fungi during sexual reproduction, which contains spores.

Question 6

Suspensor

Answer 6

Suspensor cells build the bridge (zygospore) between two parent cells during the sexual cycle of zygomycetes.

Question 7

Apothecium

Answer 7

Type of fruit body, look like disks. The hymenium support the sci on the exposed surface.

Question 8

Hymenium

Answer 8

A surface consisting mainly of spore-bearing structures (sci or basidia).

Question 9

Perithecium

Answer 9

Looks like the cross section of an onion, the asci move up through the neck (ostiole) and are shot out into the environment.

Question 10

Ostiole

Answer 10

A small pore through which spores are discharged.

Question 11

Cleistotheciun

Answer 11

A type of fruit body found in ascomycetes that is a completely closed, spherical structure containing asci and ascospores.

Question 12

Ascus

Answer 12

A sac-like structure where meiosis and mitosis occur, typically resulting in eight haploid ascospores within.

Question 13

Ascospore

Answer 13

Microscopic sexual spores which a formed and contained within the ascus.

Question 14

Unitunicate

Answer 14

Operculate, spores release from the tip of the ascus, have a single wall around the ascus.

Question 15

Operculum

Answer 15

A lid-like structure at the tip of an ascus that opens to release the spores.

Question 16

Inoperculate ascus

Answer 16

Fungi that release their ascospores through or pore or ring that the tip of the ascus, rather than an operculum.

Question 17

Bitunicate ascus

Answer 17

Asci that have two walls, a thin outer one and a thick inner one.

Question 18

Anamorph

Answer 18

Asexual structures/phase of life. Produces mitotic cells.

Question 19

Teleomorph

Answer 19

Sexual structures/phase of life. Not always easy to see, temporarily short phase and small size. Asci contain ascospores (meiotic products).

Question 20

Holomorph

Answer 20

The final product, the whole fungus

Question 21

Conidium

Answer 21

A spore produced asexually by fungi at the tip of a hypha.

Question 22

Conidiophore

Answer 22

The whole structure that bears the conidia, gives rise to more conidia.

Question 23

Phialide

Answer 23

Specialized, flask shaped cell in certain fungi that produces conidia. Form at the top of conidiophores.

Question 24

Ascoma

Answer 24

Fruit bodies, the visible reproductive structure (teleomorphic stage) of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum.

Question 25

Basidium

Answer 25

A reproductive structure that creates basidiospores in basidiomycetes. Held at the tips of sterigmata.

Question 26

Sterigmata

Answer 26

Small, stalk-like extensions of the basidium that bear the basidiospores during the sexual reproductive cycle of basidiomycetes.

Question 27

Basdiomata

Answer 27

The visible fruit bodies in basidiomycetes.

Question 28

Cortina

Answer 28

An extremely fine, fragile veil with a cobwebby texture on Cortinarius.

Question 29

Volva

Answer 29

A sac-like or cup-shaped structure at the base of a mushroom's stem.

Question 30

Stipe

Answer 30

The stem or stalk of a mushroom.

Question 31

Pileus

Answer 31

The cap or umbrella-like part of a fungi fruit body.

Question 32

Bioluminescence

Answer 32

Fungi that can emit visible light, usually a green glow. Luciferin pigment reacts with luciferase enzyme in the presence of oxygen to create light.

Question 33

Dikaryon

Answer 33

A fungal cell or hyphae that contains two distinct, haploid nuclei of different parent strains that co-exist without funding in a single cytoplasm (n + n)