// Midterm 2: Extra Notes

Question 1

What ions does the resting membrane potential depend on?

Answer 1

Na + K

Question 2

When the membrane potential becomes more positive it is…

A: depolarizing
B: hyperpolarizing

Answer 2

A: depolarizing

Question 3

When the membrane potential becomes more negative it is…

A: depolarizing
B: hyperpolarizing

Answer 3

B: hyperpolarizing

Question 4

True or False

Action potentials are all or nothing.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What happens if the AP target is to another neuron?

Answer 5

It triggers another AP.

Question 6

What element is considered the secondary messenger?

Answer 6

Calcium

Question 7

What tells the neuron to release the neurotransmitter?

Answer 7

Calcium

Question 8

Describe the flow of ions during an AP…

Answer 8

Na into cell
K out of cell

Question 9

Describe the refractory period.

Answer 9

Limits rate at which signals can be transmitted down the neuron.

Question 10

Tracts are bundles of…

Answer 10

Axons

Question 11

Nuclei are clusters of…

Answer 11

Cell bodies

Question 12

Where does CSF return to?

Answer 12

Subarachnoid space

Question 13

Grey or white matter?

Processes information

Answer 13

Grey

Question 14

Grey or white matter?

Signal transmission

Answer 14

White matter

Question 15

Describe length of pre and post ganglionic neuron length in sympathetic NS

Answer 15

Pre: short
Post: long

Question 16

Describe length of pre and post ganglionic neuron length in parasympathetic NS

Answer 16

Pre: long
Post: short

Question 17

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete…

Answer 17

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete…

Answer 18

Norepinephrine

Question 19

Norepinephrine acts on what receptors?

Answer 19

Adrenergic

Question 20

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons secrete…

Answer 20

Acetylcholine

Question 21

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete…

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

Acetylcholine acts on what receptors?

Answer 22

Muscarinic receptors

Question 23

Epinephrine and norepinephrine act on what kind of receptors?

Answer 23

Adrenergic, both alpha and beta

Question 24

What part of the adrenal gland is the sympathetic division associated with?

Answer 24

Adrenal medulla

Question 25

Do G proteins help with signal transduction?

Answer 25

Yes!

Question 26

Sympathetic receptors are associated with what receptor types?

Answer 26

Adrenergic receptors… alpha and beta

Question 27

Parasympathetic receptors are associated with what receptor types?

Answer 27

Muscarinic receptors (cholinergic)

Question 28

What neurotransmitter is at the target synapse in sympathetic division?

Answer 28

Norepinephrine

Question 29

Neurotransmitter at target synapse in parasympathetic division?

Answer 29

Acetylcholine

Question 30

Receptor type on target cell in sympathetic division?

Answer 30

Adrenergic

Question 31

Receptor type on target cell in parasympathetic division?

Answer 31

Muscarinic

Question 32

Label 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Sympathetic NS

Answer 32

1: Ach 2: Nicotinic receptor 3: Autonomic ganglion 4: Norepinephrine 5: Adrenergic receptor

Question 33

Label 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Parasympathetic NS

Answer 33

1: Ach 2: Nicotinic receptor 3: Autonomic ganglion 4: Norepinephrine 5: Muscarinic receptor