What is a problem with the global health and wellness industry
based on limited underwhelming empirical evidence
How to convert from kg to lbs and vice versa
multiply kg by 2.2 to get pounds
divide pounds by 2.2 to get kg
What are is the component of energy intake, and the three components of energy expenditure in energy balance
EI: macronutrients ingested/absorbed
EE: resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, energy expenditure of activity
What is the energy content of food? and what is a Kcal?
Calorie is a unit of energy
Kcal is energy needed to increase 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius (1000cal)
What are two ways to measure calories
direct calorimeter
burn food in bomb calorimeter and see increase in water temp
What is more important, the amount of energy ingested or how much is available?
how much is available for humans
What are three general things to know about the atwater factor
Allocates energy values to food
Provides estimate of available or metabolizable energy
Energy value based on calories and corrected for energy losses in digrestion.absorption and excretion
What are the atwater values for carbs, fats, proteins, and ethanol
CHO: 4kcal/g (fibre alr subtracted dont include in calculation)
FAT: 9 kcal/kg
PRO: 4kcal/g
Ethanol: 7kcal/g
What should you know about atwater specific factors?
foods in same category can have different energy availability
What is the coffficient of digestibility? and what are they in CHO and fats?
energy available/energy of combustion
coefficient of digestibility of CHO and fats are consistently >90%
Protein has a much ____ coefficient of digestibility, why is that and how much energy is lost in protein
lower coefficient compared to fat and cho
15-19 percent of protein is nitrogen which doesnt provide energy (excreted as urea)
20% of potential energy is lost in protein
