midterm part 2

Question 1

How many Senators must agree to the U.S. Government’s fiscal year budget?

Answer 1

A simple majority (51 senators) must approve budget legislation.

Question 2

In which constitutional article is the “congressional power” established?

Answer 2

Article I.

Question 3

In which constitutional article is the “judiciary power” established?

Answer 3

Article III.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the President can handle a bill proposed by Congress:

Answer 4

The President cannot edit or rewrite a bill before signing; he can only sign, veto, or take no action (pocket veto).

Question 5

What current Congressional session is the United States currently in?

Answer 5

119th Congress (2025–2027). (As of this yea

Question 6

The President can make a treaty with any country and access funds to send to said country without a vote or approval by Congress.

Answer 6

False – Treaties require Senate approval (2/3 vote) and Congress controls funding.

Question 7

The President has the power to pardon anyone, for anything, at any time.

Answer 7

True – The President’s pardon power is nearly absolute for federal crimes.

Question 8

Congress executes/enforces the law, the President creates law, and the Supreme Court interprets the law.

Answer 8

False – Congress creates, President enforces, Supreme Court interprets.

Question 9

The American Legal System is based on an Adversary Process.

Answer 9

True – Two opposing sides present their case before an impartial judge or jury.

Question 10

There are currently 15 Supreme Court Justices.

Answer 10

False – There are 9 Supreme Court Justices.

Question 11

What Supreme Court case established that slaveholders have the right to recover their property, but free states did not have to help recapture slaves?

Answer 11

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) – Held that enslaved people were property and had no standing to sue; also ruled Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

Question 12

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) established what?

Answer 12

That students do not lose their 1st Amendment rights to free speech in school, as long as expression doesn’t cause disruption.

Question 13

What Supreme Court case overturned Roe v. Wade, affirming that states can ban or restrict abortion?

Answer 13

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022).

Question 14

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) affirmed what two factors that led to the Civil Rights Movement of 1964?

Answer 14

Separate but Equal & Jim Crow laws.

Question 15

What Supreme Court case ended “Separate but Equal” practices in the U.S.?

Answer 15

Brown v. Board of Education (1954).