Da Vinci
Italian Renaissance, “Renaissance man”, painted The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, studied human anatomy, represents humanism (new learning and human ability) art and science blend, shift from medieval thinking
Michelangelo
his art reflected Renaissance humanism and realism, demonstrating an art shift from flat to sculpture
last supper
displays humanism with realistic human emotions
sistine chapel
realism, muscular, and emotional figures which display humanism, human potential, understanding of anatomy
vitruvian man
shows ideal human proportions, focuses on human potential, and the human body follows math, blending classical ideas with science
school of athens
humanism is shown by displaying classic philoshopers, new learning while in realism - harmony between art and science
Hobbes
- famous book called the leviathan
- natural state- people are cruel and greedy
- give up freedoms for orginized society
- absolute monarchy
- gov needs power to keep ppl safe from one another
Locke
- believed in Life, Liberty, Property (natural rights)
- book: Two Treatises of Government
- gov should have limited power
- humans are naturally good, selfless
- people have thw right to overthrow the gov if it isnt serving the people
Rousseau
- Enlightenment philosopher
- people should have power
- naturally good people, but society corrupts them
- supported equality
- inspired French Revolution
- believed in the general will
Montesquieu
- believed in divided government, legislative, executive, and judicial
- influenced us constitution and challenged an absolute monarchy
Voltaire
- believed in freedom of speech
- religiously tolerant and disliked the catholic church
- belived in despot, rulers based off reason and science
- challenged norms of monarchy and church power
Wollstoncraft
- feminist, women weren’t naturally inferior to men
- denied education, appeared lesser
- reason + equality for women
- one of the first womens rights activist
Smith
Individuals act selfishly
Competition is good for society, lowers prices,
pursuing own profit, -> economy grows
Laissez-faire - gov should NOT interfere heavily in the economy
allows the market to function efficiently
kant
- Humans should use their own reason rather than relying on authority
- rational laws = just government
- Enlightenment is humanity’s escape from self-imposed ignorance
diderot
- questioned traditional religious authority
- created the encyclopedia
- encouraged critical thinking
spread of knowledge
intellectualism
Focus on thinking with reason and logic
seularism
- separating religion from government
- reason, science, logic
- challenges the power of the church
humansim
placing humans at the center of thought and society, rather than divine or relious supernatural
