Midterm Review

Question 1

Prehistory

Answer 1

Time before written records

Question 2

Archaeologist

Answer 2

Scientist who studies artifacts

Question 3

Artifact

Answer 3

Human‑made object from past

Question 4

Nomad

Answer 4

Person who moves place to place

Question 5

Hunter-gatherer

Answer 5

Early people who hunted and gathered

Question 6

Neolithic Revolution

Answer 6

Shift to farming

Question 7

What major change happened during the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 7

Farming began

Question 8

How do artifacts help archaeologists understand ancient people?

Answer 8

Show daily life

Question 9

Why did early humans migrate?

Answer 9

To find food and resources

Question 10

Mesopotamia

Answer 10

Land between Tigris & Euphrates

Question 11

Fertile Crescent

Answer 11

Region where early civilizations formed

Question 12

City‑state

Answer 12

Independent city with government

Question 13

Ziggurat

Answer 13

Religious temple

Question 14

Cuneiform

Answer 14

First writing system

Question 15

Hammurabi’s Code

Answer 15

First written laws

Question 16

Irrigation

Answer 16

Control of water for farming

Question 17

Why did civilizations develop in river valleys?

Answer 17

Good soil and water

Question 18

How did Hammurabi’s Code impact society?

Answer 18

Created order

Question 19

What was the importance of cuneiform?

Answer 19

Record keeping

Question 20

Indus River Valley

Answer 20

Civilization in India/Pakistan

Question 21

Harappa & Mohenjo‑Daro

Answer 21

Planned cities

Question 22

Urban Planning

Answer 22

Grids and plumbing

Question 23

Monsoon

Answer 23

Seasonal rain wind

Question 24

What made Indus cities unique?

Answer 24

Advanced planning

Question 25

How did monsoons affect life in the Indus Valley?

Answer 25

Controlled farming cycles

Question 26

Pharaoh

Answer 26

God‑king ruler

Question 27

Nile River

Answer 27

Lifeline of Egypt

Question 28

Hieroglyphics

Answer 28

Egyptian writing

Question 29

Pyramid

Answer 29

Tomb for pharaohs

Question 30

Mummification

Answer 30

Preserving the body

Question 31

How did the Nile support Egyptian life?

Answer 31

Water and fertile soil

Question 32

Why were pyramids important?

Answer 32

The pyramids housed the pharaohs belongings for the afterlife 

Question 33

What does mummification show?

Answer 33

Belief in afterlife

Question 34

Dharma

Answer 34

Duties

Question 35

Karma

Answer 35

Actions affect future

Question 36

Reincarnation

Answer 36

Rebirth

Question 37

Caste System

Answer 37

Social classes

Question 38

Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 38

Founder of Buddhism

Question 39

Four Noble Truths

Answer 39

Beliefs about suffering

Question 40

Nirvana

Answer 40

Freedom from suffering

Question 41

Maurya Empire

Answer 41

Indian empire; Asoka spread Buddhism

Question 42

Gupta Empire

Answer 42

Golden Age of India

Question 43

Major differences between Hinduism and Buddhism?

Answer 43

Buddhism rejects caste

Question 44

How did Asoka help spread Buddhism?

Answer 44

Sent missionaries

Question 45

Why was the Gupta Empire a Golden Age?

Answer 45

Advances in math/science

Question 46

Dynasty

Answer 46

Ruling family

Question 47

Qin Dynasty

Answer 47

United China

Question 48

Legalism

Answer 48

Strict laws

Question 49

Great Wall of China

Answer 49

Protection barrier

Question 50

Han Dynasty

Answer 50

Known for Confucianism & trade

Question 51

Civil Service Exam

Answer 51

Test for government jobs

Question 52

Differences between Qin and Han?

Answer 52

Qin strict; Han Confucian

Question 53

How did civil service exam shape China?

Answer 53

Skilled officials

Question 54

Why was the Great Wall built?

Answer 54

Defense

Question 55

Silk Road

Answer 55

Trade route to Mediterranean

Question 56

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 56

Spread of ideas

Question 57

How did Silk Road encourage cultural diffusion?

Answer 57

Trade spread ideas

Question 58

What goods traveled along the Silk Road?

Answer 58

Silk, spices, ideas

Question 59

City‑state

Answer 59

Independent Greek city

Question 60

Democracy

Answer 60

Rule by people

Question 61

Philosopher

Answer 61

Thinker

Question 62

Olympics

Answer 62

Athletic games

Question 63

Mythology

Answer 63

Stories about gods

Question 64

Parthenon

Answer 64

Temple to Athena

Question 65

Polytheism

Answer 65

Belief in many gods

Question 66

S.P.A.

Answer 66

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 67

Alexander the Great

Answer 67

Conqueror

Question 68

How were Athens and Sparta different?

Answer 68

Athens valued learning; Sparta military

Question 69

Why is Greece the birthplace of democracy?

Answer 69

Used citizen voting

Question 70

How did mythology influence life?

Answer 70

Explained nature and morals

Question 71

Republic

Answer 71

Citizens elect leaders

Question 72

Patricians & Plebeians

Answer 72

Upper and lower classes

Question 73

Pax Romana

Answer 73

Roman peace

Question 74

Aqueduct

Answer 74

Water transport structure

Question 75

Colosseum

Answer 75

Arena for games

Question 76

Legions

Answer 76

Roman soldiers

Question 77

Empire

Answer 77

Large territory under one ruler

Question 78

Difference between Republic and Empire?

Answer 78

Republic elected; Empire ruled by emperor

Question 79

What achievements helped Rome grow powerful?

Answer 79

Roads, army

Question 80

How did Pax Romana benefit Rome?

Answer 80

Stability and trade growth