Explain child directed speech
Child directed speech
Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation.
Slower rate of speech with longer pauses.
Simpler vocabulary and shorter sentences.
Repetition of words and phrases.
Clearer articulation of sounds.
Frequent use of questions and attention-getting phrases (e.g., “Look!” “See the doggy?”).
Helps model language and help children segment speech
Assimilation
incorporating new experiences in current schemes
Schemes
organized patterns of reaction to stimuli. Cognitive structures use these to process incoming sensory information
Adaptation
changing in response to the environment
Accomodation
developing new schemes.
Scaffolding
Building on previous knowledge
Adult says “go get shoes” Child: Get shoes, go bye bye
Bootstrapping
Using previous knowledge to understand new concepts
evocative utterances
Comments that children make when labeling/naming items. Often adults give feedback to confirm or negate utterances. Then child maintains or modifies the meaning
MLU
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) is a key indicator of a child’s language development. It measures the average number of morphemes (the smallest units of meaning) a child uses in their utterances. MLU is calculated by dividing the total number of morphemes by the total number of utterances.
What percentage of toddler’s speech is imitation?
20%
What is the difference from delayed and normal communication
Normal communication develops along the expected timeline for age, while delayed communication means a child is behind in reaching speech or language milestones compared to peers.
What is the developmental stages list?
Foundations-sounds
Phonetically consistent forms
Real words
Phrases
More sounds, more words
Sentences
Speech mastery and literac
Why is play important?
Causes stimulation and builds foundational communication skills
Pragmatics
social use of language, storytelling, gestures, emotions, body language, etc. it is the vessel for all other components and includes the rules of conversation
Phonology
how phonemes are organized to form words.
Syntax
grammar of language
Semantics
vocabulary
Morphology
smallest word that has meaning.
Ex: wait is one morpheme but unhappy is two.
Metalinguistics
how we think about language.
Ex: how to change sentences, convey meaning, and put sounds together.
Emergent Literacy
while learning to talk, we are also learning to read. Interaction with children is crucial for development. Singing nursey rhymes, talking to a baby, reading to a young child all help develop oral language.
In terms of language development theories, explain the nature versus nurture debate
Nature is the innate ability to develop language.Nurture poses that language is learned by experiences from the environment.
What are the two main interactionalist approaches?
Constructivism and Emergentism
Why do we have linguistic theories?
They help explain ways that humans develop language.
They help people understand language development and its relationship with other areas of development.
Do Neurons physically touch each other during a synapse?
no
