✈️ migration sg2a

Question 1

what % of mexicos population live below poverty line

Answer 1

46%

Question 2

what is mexicos HDI

Answer 2

0.7

Question 3

what is mexixos gini coefficient

Answer 3

0.48

Question 4

what are the top 3 countries of origin of people moving into mexico (immigration)

Answer 4

• usa: deportations of mexican migrants & their children, entrepreneurs for cheap labour
• guatemala: 36 year long civil war & natural disasters = lack of economic opportunity, trans migrants to usa
• spain: former spanish colony so similar culture, entrepreneurs for work opportunities

Question 5

what are push factors from mexico

Answer 5

-12% of population works in farming which is unreliable due to climate and land
- 46% of population live below poverty line
- high crime rates (drug related)

Question 6

what are pull factors into usa

Answer 6

• hope for better jobs and wages
• better standard of living (gdp=$60,000)
• existing mexican communities entice chain migration of friends & family

Question 7

what are intervening obstacles between mexico and usa

Answer 7

-1/3rd of border has physical barriers eg fences, walls
- border is monitored by virtual system which alerts border control
- many routes are dangerous eg sohoran dessert & rio grande river

Question 8

what are the top 3 destination countries for emigration out of mexico & why

Answer 8

• usa: 10x higher wages, neighbouring countries, historical reasons (“go north for opportunities”), chain migration
• canada: allows mexicans to work seasonally in agriculture
• spain: highly skilled mexicans recruited in senior positions, hispanic influence

Question 9

what was the bracero programme and when was it

Answer 9

1940-1960: mexicans worked seasonally in usa agriculture jobs

Question 10

what was operation wetback and when was it

Answer 10

1950s: deportation of 1 million illegal mexicans back into mexico from usa

Question 11

what are maquilas and when were they introduced

Answer 11

mid 1960s: US owed factories in towns near the border = cheap labour

Question 12

what is NAFTA and what did it do

Answer 12

North American Free Trade Agreement: established largest free trade area in world- mexico, usa & canada

Question 13

describe what happened in trinidad in guatemala after the eruption in 2018

Answer 13

• after civil war ppl returned home to guatemala
• as many homes were destroyed, ppl were sent to village of trinidad
• this village was near an unchecked active volcano
• the volcano erupted and many were killed & displaced
• ppl were offered new homes but they weren’t near any job opportunities
• many left to migrate through mexico for better job opportunities

Question 14

what are positives of migration on mexicos economic development

Answer 14

• 10x higher wages in usa = good remittances = boosts economy as remittances are 2.5% of mexicos GDP
• mexicans gov matches funding from HTAs in USA

Question 15

what are negatives of migration on mexicos economic development

Answer 15

• labour shortages
• negative multiplier effect in some southern states where traditional jobs are in decline & brain drain
• benefits to mexico depend on health of US economy

Question 16

what are positives of migration on mexicos political stability

Answer 16

• remittances stimulate national economy = more tax = more gov spending
• mexican gov matches funding from HTAs ratio 3:1 = more money funded by gov

Question 17

what are negatives of migration on mexicos political stability

Answer 17

• poor political relation between trump & mexico over trumps wall (which would be paid for with taxing remittances)
• more south americans applying for asylum in mexico = political instability
• under pressure to have strict border control

Question 18

what are positives of migration on mexicos social equality

Answer 18

• shortage of workers = increase in wages by 8% = better QoL & breaks poverty cycle
• remittances reduce wealth inequality

Question 19

what are negatives of migration on mexicos social equality

Answer 19

• 75% of inhabitants in Pixar’s live in NYC so local businesses suffer compared to Maquilas (north/south divide)
• remittances can increase social inequalities between families

Question 20

how has migration impacted environmental interdependence between mexico and usa

Answer 20

• both countries have to cooperate when maintaining border eg management of Rio Grande eg dams & flood management
• more air and water pollution in mexico due to maquilas