Misc > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

most common ECG finding in PE

A

sinus tachycardia

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2
Q

3 drugs that increase affect of owarfarin

A

allopurinol
amiodarone
asthma

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3
Q

3 drugs that decrease effect of warwarrin

A

carbamazepine
oestrogen
progesterone

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4
Q

how does alcohol effect INR

A

chronic use decreases INR

binge causes acute liver dysfunction -> impaired warfarin metabolism -> increased INR

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5
Q

when do you have to start dmards in rheumatoid

A

ASAP!!!!!! within 3 month

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6
Q

medical treatment of prostate ca and MOA

A

gnrh analogues. modify release of LH (remember that they paradoxically decrease testosterone even tho they are analogues)
LH antagonists
peripheral androgen receptor antagonists

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7
Q

what symtpoms does uraemia cause

A

anorexia
n&v
pruritus
drowsiness, confusion, fits, coma

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8
Q

v v v important DDx of renal stones

A

AAA!!!!!!!!!

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9
Q

prevention of renal stones

A

hydration
low na diet
normal dairy intake

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10
Q

what to look for if DVT with no risk factors

A

any cancer

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11
Q

main causes of fever, weight loss, night sweats

A

lymphoma
tb
sarcoidosis

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12
Q

disease to think of with proximal muscle wasting

A

cushing’s

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13
Q

o2 aims in child

A

if ≤92%, give o2 up to 94
if on O2 at 97%, wean down
94-97% is a grey area

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14
Q

signs of increased work of breathing (5)

A 
tachypnoeia
sub + intercostal recession
abdo breathing
tracheal tug
head bobbing (v worrying)
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15
Q

which do you treat out of umbilical and inguinal hernias and why

A

inguinal bc tendency to obstruct

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16
Q

causes of recurrent mouth ulcers

A

crohn’s
coeliac
b12, fe def
bad luck!

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17
Q

what is amitriptyline used for? (5)

A

abdo pain (if not responded to laxatives, loperamide or antispasmodics)

  • major depressive disorder (TCA)
  • neuropathic pain
  • migraine prophylaxis
  • tension headach prophylaxis
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18
Q

side effects of amitryptiline (3)

A

anticholinergic syndrome
drowsiness
QT interval prolongation

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19
Q

what class does mirtazapine belong to

A

NaSSA (noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant) - but dr jenny jack didn’t know this!!

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20
Q

why do you do an ECG if dx of HTN? what is shown on the ECG?

A

look for LVH -> sign of end organ damage

V2 and V6 complexes are massive

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21
Q

what is doxazocin used for and what is it’s MOA

A

HTN
BPH
(alpha 1 antagonist)

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22
Q

presentation of chickenpox

A

pyrexia then

CROPS (rather than widespread), mostly on head, neck and trunk

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23
Q

four risk factors for gall bladder disease

Study These Flashcards
A

fair, fat, female, forty

24
Q

investigations for angina

Study These Flashcards
A

myoview
ECG
angiogram
exercise test

25
asbestosis lung change
pleural plaques, can develop to mesothelioma
26
when is melatonin used
>55, persistent insomnia. max 13 weeks.
27
what to do if someone has insomnia
don't drive if sleepy in day (no need to inform DVLA) -good sleep hygine -short course of benzo or z-drug ONLY if severe daytime impairment. max 4 weeks CBD if persist after 2 weeks
28
strep and staph, gram positive cocci in what?
strep is chains | staph is clusters
29
why worry about mets in a long bone
fractures
30
short term SEs with steroids
proximal myopathy, insulin resistance (raised BMs), SLIGHT immunosuppression
31
what to give for fungal dermatitis
imidazole e.g. clotrimazole, miconazole, or econazole cream | hydrocort 1% if inflammation
32
what fungal skin infections are there?
``` Skin ringworm (tinea corporis) Fungal Scalp Infection (Scalp Ringworm) Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis) Fungal Groin Infection (Tinea Cruris) Fungal Nail Infections (Tinea Unguium). ```
33
describe fungal lesions
single/multiple red or pink, flat or slightly raised ringed patches active red scaly advancing edge, clear central area itchy
34
when to give antivirals in shingles
``` within 72 hours for any of: over 50 yo non-truncal involvement severe pain/rash opthalmic invovment immunocompromised ```
35
difference between cocodamol and codydramol
cocodamol = para + codeine codidramol = paracetamol and dihydrocodeine
36
codeine analgesia types? 3
codeine phosphate cocodamol codydromol
37
3 things that save lives in hospital
abx, fluids, o2
38
what to initially worry about with flashers and floaters
retinal detachment!
39
when to give antiviral (valaciclovir) for genital herpes
within 72 h from onset
40
why do NSAIDs cause AKI
stop formation of prostaglandins (prostaglandins dilate renal afferent arteriole)
41
normal urine output
400-600ml per day | 0.5ml/kg/hr over 6 hrs
42
define oliguria
<400ml per day | <0.5ml/kg/hr over 6 hrs
43
classification system for advanced gastric cancer
borrmann (also use tnm)
44
classification system for colon cancer
duke or tnm
45
3 different scoring systems for pancreatitis
Glasgow Prognostic Score Ranson's Criteria Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) Score
46
what is torsailles de point
type of ventricular tachycardia occurs in pts with long qt syndrome rapid, irregular QRS complexes, which appear to be twisting around the ECG baseline life threatening
47
cauda equina - upper or lower MN signs?
both!!!
48
who should you always be careful of NSAIDs in??
GORD | asthmatics!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
49
when will a nurse escalate a NEWS score to a doctor
>=5 | 1 parameter = 3
50
when does aortic stenosis syncope occur
on exertion
51
what arrhythmias can cause syncope
``` sick sinus syndrome SVT VT long QT syndrome Brugada drug induced (malfunctioning pacemaker or ICD) ```
52
which abx can't you have alc with
metranidazole (it is v similar to antabuse!!) so makes you really sick
53
never forget which side effect of beta blockers
impotence
54
when prescribing mirtazepine, what should you warn pts
if they get any form of acute infection (e.g. sore throat) NEED to have FBC as can cause neutropenia
55
what are the damn drugs (drugs that can cause AKI)
diuretics ACEi/ARBs metformin NSAIDs
56
top 10 drugs that cause AEs that result in hospitalisation
``` NSAIDs incl aspirin diuretics warfarin ace and arb antidepressants incl lithium beta blockers opiates digoxin pred clopidogrel ```
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