Sensitive tests rule in or out?
OUT
Sensitive tests rule out
Specific tests rule in
SPIN SNOUT
Specific tests rule in or out?
IN
Sensitive tests rule out
Specific tests rule in
SPIN SNOUT
How do researchers reduce the influence of confounding variables?
Randomisation
How do researchers reduce selection bias?
Intention to treat analysis
How do researchers reduce information bias?
Blinding AND objective endpoints
What is the main disadvantage of intention to treat analysis?
Under-estimates any treatment effect
Oral morphine to IV/scut morphine?
3:1
TOMH 1235 Tramadol 1:1 Oxycodone 2:1 Morphine 3:1 Hydromorphone 5:1