Systemics- Integument > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

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1
Q

What defect has been identified in atopic dermatitis?

A

Filaggrin defect

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2
Q

Clinical presentation of allergic dermatitis in dogs? Cats?

A

Pruritus; miliary dermatitis

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3
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is most allergic disease?

A

Type I or Type IV

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4
Q

What antibody is associated with atopy?

A

IgE

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5
Q

Key histo with atopy?

A

Mixed perivascular dermatitis, sebaceous gland hyperplasia (nonspecific)

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6
Q

What reaction pattern is associated with chronic cyclosporine therapy?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic psoriasiform lichenoid dermatosis

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7
Q

What types of burns affect which layers?

A

First degree- epidermis
Second degree- epidermis and part of dermis
Third degree- Full thickness dermis
Fourth degree- Below dermis and into subcutaneous fascia

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8
Q

What type of amyloid is in cutaneous amyloidosis; who gets it?

A

AL amyloid (immunoglobulin light chain); horses

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9
Q

What are associated conditions with cutaneous amyloidosis in dogs?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy, dermatomyositis, in plasmacytomas

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10
Q

Where is cutaneous amyloidosis in horses?

A

Head, neck, shoulders

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11
Q

Key histo with amyloidosis in horses?

A

Nodular to diffuse granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with amyloid

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12
Q

What is the best stain for amyloid in cats?

A

Thioflavin T

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13
Q

Name for idiopathic hyperpigmentation of dachshunds; distribution of lesions

A

Acanthosis nigricans; axillary, inguinal, bilaterally symmetric

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14
Q

Mutation in cattle with collagen dysplasia? Pathogenesis? Other name for disease?

A

Defect in gene for procollagen I N-proteinase (procollagen aminopeptidase); can’t process type I procollagen to collagen, so can’t form uniform fibers and cross-links; dermatosparaxis

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15
Q

What is type I collagen important for?

A

ECM- framework

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16
Q

What gene is defective in cat and dog collagen dysplasia? in cattle and sheep?

A

COL5A1; ADAMTS2

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ichthyosis?

A

Defect in formation of stratum corneum- either increased cohesion, or defective dishesion (retains corneal cells)

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18
Q

Condition in young mini schnauzers; cause; distribution of lesions

A

Schnauzer comedo syndrome; inherited follicular dysplasia or follicular cornification disorder; dorsal midline

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19
Q

Difference between feline progressive histiocytosis and canine reactive histiocytosis (pathogenesis AND histology)

A

Both caused by interstitial dendritic cells, but activated in the dog, so CD4+, both are e-cad -; Canine is vasocentric, feline is epitheliotropic

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20
Q

Three eosinophilic syndromes in cat skin? Horses?

A

Eosinophilic plaque (pruritic), granuloma (young cats), indolent ulcer; eosinophilic granuloma (most common), axillary nodular necrosis (girth galls), and unilateral papular dermatosis

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21
Q

What age pigs get Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis? Cause? Gross appearance?

A

Weanlings; Unknown, not important; mosaic, target shaped erythematous plaques

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22
Q

Why do Shar Pei’s have cutaneous mucinosis? Stains for mucin; negative stain

A

Increased HAS2 protein production by dermal fibroblasts–>excessive production of hyaluronan; Alcian blue, mucicarmine, T blue; PAS NEGATIVE*

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23
Q

What age pigs get Dermatosis vegetans? Cause? Gross features?

A

Very young, <3 weeks; inherited; Vegetating skin lesions of coronet, hoof malformation (present at birth), giant cell pneumonia

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24
Q

Clinical findings associated with superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Glucagon-secreting tumors
Hyperglucagonemia
DM
Liver disease (severe)

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25
Distinctive histopath feature of superficial necrolytic dermatitis? Pathognomonic histopath?
Band of edematous keratinocytes in upper half of acanthotic stratum spinosum; red (parakeratosis), white (intracellular edema), blue (basal cell hyperplasia)
26
Difference between sterile pyogranuloma and idiopathic sterile panniculitis
panniculitis is deeper, and horizontal oriented lesions; pyogranuloma is oriented around adnexa, vertically
27
Who gets idiopathic sterile nodular panniculitis? Location of lesions? Associated findings?
Dachshunds, young dogs; trunk; pancreatic disease, immune-mediated dz
28
Who gets sterile pyogranuloma? Location of lesions? Proposed cause?
Golden retrievers; face, distal extremities; immune-mediated dz triggered by previous infection
29
Key histo with sterile pyogranuloma syndrome?
PERIFOLLICULAR pyogranulomatous dermatitis
30
Difference between Syndrome 1 and 2 with zinc-responsive dermatosis
Syndrome 1 is inherited, affects arctic breeds Syndrome 2 is in puppies due to zinc deficiency (high calcium and/or phytates chelates Zn)
31
Cause of inherited zinc deficiency in calves? Fleckvieh calves (article)? Pigs?
SLC39A4 gene defect; Phospholipase D4;
32
Who gets auricular chondritis? Predisposed ones? What is the cause? Possible sequelae?
Mice and rats; Sprague-Dawley, Wistar; Immune-mediated response to type II collagen; SCC
33
Three forms/causes of laminitis
1. Inflammatory- grain overload or systemic inflammation 2. Endocrinopathic- metabolic disease, no inflammation, stretching of epidermal laminae 3. Contralateral limb- poor blood flow, ischemia
34
What is the common lesion with all forms of laminitis?
dermal-epidermal separation at interface of lamellar basal epithelial cells and underlying basement membrane and dermis
35
Gene defect in panhypopituitarism? What breed? Pathogenesis? cutaneous lesions?
LHX3 gene, GSDs; failure of adenohypophyseal differentiation-->no trophic hormones; looks like other endocrine alopecias
36
Histo features of endocrine dermatoses (7)
Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, follicular dilation and keratosis, hair follicle atrophy, absence of hair shafts, increased telogen follicles, increased trichilemmal cornification (flame follicles), epidermal hyperpigmentation
37
Who gets congenital hypothyroidism with goiter; cause
Rat terriers; thyroid gland doesnt produce thyroid hormone
38
Where is calcinosis cutis most likely to occur?
Dorsal neck, axilla and groin
39
What is the clinical sign of hyperadrenocorticism in cats?
Skin fragility syndrome
40
What causes hyperadrenocorticism in horses?
hypertrophy, adenomatous hyperplasia, or functional neoplasms of the pars intermedia
41
What is hyperestrogenism associated with in males? In females?
Functional testicular neoplasms- Sertoli cell, occasionally interstitial cell tumors Polycystic ovaries or functional ovarian neoplasms
42
What breeds are predisposed to hyperestrogenism?
Boxer, shetland sheepdog, carin terrier, pekingese, collie, weimaraners
43
Primary clinical lesion with hyperestrogenism
Symmetrical hypotrichosis/alopecia that starts at perineum, moves cranially
44
Most severe and rare pemphigus; autoantigen target; clinical sign; most common location
Vulgaris; desmoglein-3; Nikolsky sign; oral
45
Key histo with pemphigus vulgaris
Vacuolation of suprabasilar epidermis and acantholysis with intraepidermal clefts, vesicles, or bullae between stratum basale and stratum spinosum (suprabasilar clefting), leaving behind hypertrophied basal cells (tombstoning)
46
Most common pemphigus; autoantigen; clinical signs and distribution
Foliaceous; desmocollin-1; Pustules that rupture and form thick crusts on face, pawpad, extremities
47
Key histo with PF
Superficial intraepidermal pustular dermatitis involving corneal and granular cell layers with acantholytic cells****
48
What horse breed is predisposed to PF
Appaloosas
49
Key histo with bullous pemphigoid
Subepidermal vesicles/bullae
50
Cause of bullous pemphigoid; additional diagnostic feature
BPAG2 autoantigens (type XVII collagen); immunoglobulin and/or complement deposited at BMZ
51
Species used as model for bullous pemphigoid
Yucatan minipigs
52
Clin path findings with hypothyroidism
Normocytic, normochromic anemia, hypercholesterolemia, low T3/T4/free T4 (except in sighthounds)
53
Histo features of lupus
Basal cell vacuolation, BM thickening, mononuclear interface dermatitis, dermal edema
54
Other clinical features of systemic lupus
Polyarthritis, thrombocytopenia, FUO, anemia, stomatitis, glomerulonephritis
55
Key histo with lupus
Apoptosis of basal keratinocytes (Civatte bodies), pigmentary incontinence, subepidermal vacuolar change
56
Cause of systemic lupus
Defective T lymphocyte suppression-->B lymphocyte hyperactivity-->autoantibodies-->Complex deposition and type III HS
57
Differentiating between SLE and CLE
SLE ANA positive, CLE ANA negative; other syndromes with SLE
58
Who gets localized (facial) DLE? Generalized DLE? Exfoliative CLE? Mucocutaneous LE?
1. Aka photosensitive nasal dermatitis- German shepherds 2. Chinese crested and Spitz (rare) 3. German shorthaired pointer (UNC93B1)- photo in JKP 4. German shepherds
59
Key histo with erythema multiforme
Apoptosis of keratinocytes at all levels of the epidermis with satellitosis and cytotoxic interface dermatitis
60
Two categories of Hypotrichosis associated with follicular dysplasia (pigmentary follicular dysplasia)
Color dilution alopecia Black hair follicular dysplasia
61
Key histo with color dilution alopecia and black hair follicular dysplasia
Misshapen, fragmented anagen hair follicles with pigment clumping in epithelium, hair bulb matrix cells, hair shafts, infundibular keratin, and epidermis, surrounded by melanophages
62
What is paraneoplastic alopecia associated with in cats? Key histo?
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and bile duct carcinoma; marked follicular atrophy
63
Cause of plasma cell pododermatitis; other associated lesions/findings
Immune-mediated; hypergammaglobulinemia, renal amyloidosis, plasmacytic stomatitis, +ANA, glomerulonephritis
64
Histo with plasma cell pododermatitis
Superficial and deep perivascular dermatitis with predominantly plasma cells
65
Pig with turkey egg kidney and skin lesions has ________; other causes of turkey egg kidney
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome; erysipelas, ASF, CSF, S. cholerasuis, S. typhisuis
66
Key histo with PDNS; associated infection; gross distribution
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis; PCV 2 or 3; starts on rump
67
Cause of acral lick dermatitis? Most common site?
Psychogenic dermatitis, underlying atopy; dorsal carpus and metacarpus
68
Key histo with acral lick dermatitis?
Perivascular dermatitis, compact hyperkeratosis, marked acanthosis* and vertical collagen streaking*
69
Who is predisposed to poodle patch; key histo
Poodle, yorkies, silky terriers; lymphocytic panniculitis with vasculitis, cell-poor interface dermatitis, atrophic dermis and follicles (ischemia), vaccine material
70
Breeds predisposed to sebaceous adenitis
Standard poodle, akita, samoyed, vizsla, lhasa apso, havanese
71
Early vs late histo with sebaceous adenitis
Pyogranulomatous inflammation around glands vs. complete loss with no inflammation
Systemics- Integument
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