What kind of cell goes through mitosis?
Eukaryotic somatic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Cells that have membrane bound organelles (e.g. nucleus)
Somatic cells
is all the cells of the body except for sex cells (gametes)
Mitosis is what kind of reproduction?
Asexual
Cell division
Continuation of life based on the reproduction of cells
Cell cycle phases
- Interphase: growth & DNA replication
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
2-5 = miotic division
Interphase phases
- G¹ (gap) phase
- S phase
- G² (gap) phase
☆ Interphase ☆
- 90% of cell cycle
- cellular growth:
a. Protein synthesis
b. Metabolic activities
c. DNA synthesis - 3 stages
G¹ phase
a. Protein synthesis and metabolic activities
b. Most cells are arrested
S phase
a. DNA replication
G² phase
a. Cellular growth and prep for M phase
- can see nucleus & nucleolus (hi!)
Chromosome make up
Made up of DNA - histone protein complex; Chromatin
Chromatin
Long thin fiber that is folded and coiled to form chromosomes
Replicated chromosome
Two strands of IDENTICAL chromosomal material; CHROMATIDS (sister chromatids)
Sister chromatids
Homologues or homologous chromosomes
= same
Chromatid
Only referred to when held in association with a sister chromosome at the centromere
☆ Mitosis ☆
a. NUCLEAR DIVISION of genetic material
b. Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
☆ Cytokinesis ☆
= cell division
a. Cytoplasmic division
b. Indicator of telophase
☆ Prophase ☆
- Longest phase
- bye bye nucleolus
- chromatin turns into chromosomes (w; sister chromatids)
- spindle fibers attaches to centromeres by kinetocores = hooks
- nuclear envelope fragments and disappears
What attaches the spindle fibers to the centromeres?
Kinetochores
☆ Metaphase ☆
- SHORTEST phase
- CENTRIOLES at OPPOSITE ends of cell
- CHROMOSOMES move to MIDDLE
☆ Anaphase ☆
- centromeres uncouple and spindle fibers shorten
- sister chromatids separate and move apart (now chromosomes)
- During; 2x amount of chromosomes
- cell elongates
- After; = amount of chromosomes at each pole
☆ Telophase ☆
- cleavage furrow (animal cells - cytokinesis begins)
- Cell plate (plant cells)
- hi nucleolus (reappears)
- hi nuclear Membrane
- chromosomes uncoil
- End; 2 genetically identical nuclei present
Process of cytokinesis
- cytoplasmic division
- Cell plate complete (plants)
- End; 2 separate other cells produced with single nucleus
